Merge #207

207: Added the ability to collect a stream of results r=yoshuawuyts a=sunjay

As requested here: https://twitter.com/yoshuawuyts/status/1174026374316773377

The standard library has a very useful implementation of `FromIterator` that takes an iterator of `Result<T, E>` values and is able to produce a value of type `Result<Vec<T>, E>`. I asked for this in `async-std` and @yoshuawuyts recommended that I contribute the impl. It turns out that the implementation in the standard library is even more general than I initially thought. It allows any collection that implements `FromIterator` to be collected from an iterator of `Result<T, E>` values. That means that you can collect into `Result<Vec<T>, E>`, `Result<HashSet<T>, E>`, etc.

I wanted to add a similarly generic impl for this crate so we can also support collecting into any collection that implements `FromStream`. 

The implementation for this is based heavily on [what exists in `std`](9150f844e2/src/libcore/result.rs (L1379-L1429)). I made a new `result` module since that's where this impl is in `std`. I still wanted to maintain the conventions of this repo, so I copied the `vec` module that @yoshuawuyts created in #125. Much like in that PR, the new `result` module is private.

There is a doctest in the documentation for `collect` that both teaches that this feature exists and tests that it works in some simple cases.

## Documentation Screenshot

![image](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/530939/65075935-de89ae00-d965-11e9-9cd6-8b19b694ed3e.png)


Co-authored-by: Sunjay Varma <varma.sunjay@gmail.com>

src/lib.rs

@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ pub mod io;
 pub mod net;
 pub mod os;
 pub mod prelude;
+mod result;
 pub mod stream;
 pub mod sync;
 pub mod task;

src/result/from_stream.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+use crate::stream::{FromStream, IntoStream, Stream};
+
+use std::pin::Pin;
+
+impl<T: Send, E: Send, V> FromStream<Result<T, E>> for Result<V, E>
+where
+    V: FromStream<T>,
+{
+    /// Takes each element in the stream: if it is an `Err`, no further
+    /// elements are taken, and the `Err` is returned. Should no `Err`
+    /// occur, a container with the values of each `Result` is returned.
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_stream<'a, S: IntoStream<Item = Result<T, E>>>(
+        stream: S,
+    ) -> Pin<Box<dyn core::future::Future<Output = Self> + Send + 'a>>
+    where
+        <S as IntoStream>::IntoStream: Send + 'a,
+    {
+        let stream = stream.into_stream();
+
+        Pin::from(Box::new(async move {
+            pin_utils::pin_mut!(stream);
+
+            // Using `scan` here because it is able to stop the stream early
+            // if a failure occurs
+            let mut found_error = None;
+            let out: V = stream
+                .scan((), |_, elem| {
+                    match elem {
+                        Ok(elem) => Some(elem),
+                        Err(err) => {
+                            found_error = Some(err);
+                            // Stop processing the stream on error
+                            None
+                        }
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect()
+                .await;
+
+            match found_error {
+                Some(err) => Err(err),
+                None => Ok(out),
+            }
+        }))
+    }
+}

src/result/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+//! The Rust core error handling type
+//!
+//! This module provides the `Result<T, E>` type for returning and
+//! propagating errors.
+
+mod from_stream;
+
+#[doc(inline)]
+pub use std::result::Result;

src/stream/stream/mod.rs

@@ -726,6 +726,22 @@ pub trait Stream {
     /// let buf: Vec<u8> = s.collect().await;
     ///
     /// assert_eq!(buf, vec![9; 3]);
+    ///
+    /// // You can also collect streams of Result values
+    /// // into any collection that implements FromStream
+    /// let s = stream::repeat(Ok(9)).take(3);
+    /// // We are using Vec here, but other collections
+    /// // are supported as well
+    /// let buf: Result<Vec<u8>, ()> = s.collect().await;
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(buf, Ok(vec![9; 3]));
+    ///
+    /// // The stream will stop on the first Err and
+    /// // return that instead
+    /// let s = stream::repeat(Err(5)).take(3);
+    /// let buf: Result<Vec<u8>, u8> = s.collect().await;
+    ///
+    /// assert_eq!(buf, Err(5));
     /// #
     /// # }) }
     /// ```