diff --git a/apps/launcher/graphicspage.cpp b/apps/launcher/graphicspage.cpp
index 5f37c0defe..9a10bf6d9c 100644
--- a/apps/launcher/graphicspage.cpp
+++ b/apps/launcher/graphicspage.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 #include "sdlinit.hpp"
 
+#include <components/settings/values.hpp>
+
 #include <QMessageBox>
 #include <QScreen>
 
@@ -144,10 +146,18 @@ bool Launcher::GraphicsPage::loadSettings()
 
     // Lighting
     int lightingMethod = 1;
-    if (Settings::Manager::getString("lighting method", "Shaders") == "legacy")
-        lightingMethod = 0;
-    else if (Settings::Manager::getString("lighting method", "Shaders") == "shaders")
-        lightingMethod = 2;
+    switch (Settings::shaders().mLightingMethod)
+    {
+        case SceneUtil::LightingMethod::FFP:
+            lightingMethod = 0;
+            break;
+        case SceneUtil::LightingMethod::PerObjectUniform:
+            lightingMethod = 1;
+            break;
+        case SceneUtil::LightingMethod::SingleUBO:
+            lightingMethod = 2;
+            break;
+    }
     lightingMethodComboBox->setCurrentIndex(lightingMethod);
 
     // Shadows
@@ -246,10 +256,12 @@ void Launcher::GraphicsPage::saveSettings()
     }
 
     // Lighting
-    static std::array<std::string, 3> lightingMethodMap = { "legacy", "shaders compatibility", "shaders" };
-    const std::string& cLightingMethod = lightingMethodMap[lightingMethodComboBox->currentIndex()];
-    if (cLightingMethod != Settings::Manager::getString("lighting method", "Shaders"))
-        Settings::Manager::setString("lighting method", "Shaders", cLightingMethod);
+    static constexpr std::array<SceneUtil::LightingMethod, 3> lightingMethodMap = {
+        SceneUtil::LightingMethod::FFP,
+        SceneUtil::LightingMethod::PerObjectUniform,
+        SceneUtil::LightingMethod::SingleUBO,
+    };
+    Settings::shaders().mLightingMethod.set(lightingMethodMap[lightingMethodComboBox->currentIndex()]);
 
     // Shadows
     int cShadowDist = shadowDistanceCheckBox->checkState() != Qt::Unchecked ? shadowDistanceSpinBox->value() : 0;
diff --git a/apps/opencs/view/render/scenewidget.cpp b/apps/opencs/view/render/scenewidget.cpp
index 12170c86a0..953e3076b3 100644
--- a/apps/opencs/view/render/scenewidget.cpp
+++ b/apps/opencs/view/render/scenewidget.cpp
@@ -87,10 +87,10 @@ namespace CSVRender
 
         mView->getCamera()->setGraphicsContext(window);
 
-        SceneUtil::LightManager* lightMgr = new SceneUtil::LightManager;
+        osg::ref_ptr<SceneUtil::LightManager> lightMgr = new SceneUtil::LightManager;
         lightMgr->setStartLight(1);
         lightMgr->setLightingMask(Mask_Lighting);
-        mRootNode = lightMgr;
+        mRootNode = std::move(lightMgr);
 
         mView->getCamera()->setViewport(new osg::Viewport(0, 0, width(), height()));
 
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwgui/settingswindow.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwgui/settingswindow.cpp
index 9fa842bfa9..ac25b5984a 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwgui/settingswindow.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwgui/settingswindow.cpp
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ namespace
         constexpr int min = 8;
         constexpr int max = 32;
         constexpr int increment = 8;
-        int maxLights = Settings::Manager::getInt("max lights", "Shaders");
+        const int maxLights = Settings::shaders().mMaxLights;
         // show increments of 8 in dropdown
         if (maxLights >= min && maxLights <= max && !(maxLights % increment))
             box->setIndexSelected((maxLights / increment) - 1);
@@ -559,7 +559,8 @@ namespace MWGui
         MWBase::Environment::get().getWindowManager()->interactiveMessageBox(
             "#{OMWEngine:ChangeRequiresRestart}", { "#{Interface:OK}" }, true);
 
-        Settings::Manager::setString("lighting method", "Shaders", *_sender->getItemDataAt<std::string>(pos));
+        Settings::shaders().mLightingMethod.set(
+            Settings::parseLightingMethod(*_sender->getItemDataAt<std::string>(pos)));
         apply();
     }
 
@@ -630,9 +631,7 @@ namespace MWGui
 
     void SettingsWindow::onMaxLightsChanged(MyGUI::ComboBox* _sender, size_t pos)
     {
-        int count = 8 * (pos + 1);
-
-        Settings::Manager::setInt("max lights", "Shaders", count);
+        Settings::shaders().mMaxLights.set(8 * (pos + 1));
         apply();
         configureWidgets(mMainWidget, false);
     }
@@ -653,8 +652,7 @@ namespace MWGui
         Settings::shaders().mMaxLights.reset();
         Settings::shaders().mLightingMethod.reset();
 
-        const SceneUtil::LightingMethod lightingMethod
-            = SceneUtil::LightManager::getLightingMethodFromString(Settings::shaders().mLightingMethod);
+        const SceneUtil::LightingMethod lightingMethod = Settings::shaders().mLightingMethod;
         const std::size_t lightIndex = mLightingMethodButton->findItemIndexWith(lightingMethodToStr(lightingMethod));
         mLightingMethodButton->setIndexSelected(lightIndex);
         updateMaxLightsComboBox(mMaxLights);
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/characterpreview.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/characterpreview.cpp
index 5357f5025c..fbf5bf112a 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/characterpreview.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/characterpreview.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 #include <components/sceneutil/nodecallback.hpp>
 #include <components/sceneutil/rtt.hpp>
 #include <components/sceneutil/shadow.hpp>
-#include <components/settings/settings.hpp>
+#include <components/settings/values.hpp>
 #include <components/stereo/multiview.hpp>
 
 #include "../mwworld/class.hpp"
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 #include "../mwmechanics/weapontype.hpp"
 
 #include "npcanimation.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
 #include "vismask.hpp"
 
 namespace MWRender
@@ -154,7 +155,7 @@ namespace MWRender
     public:
         CharacterPreviewRTTNode(uint32_t sizeX, uint32_t sizeY)
             : RTTNode(sizeX, sizeY, Settings::Manager::getInt("antialiasing", "Video"), false, 0,
-                StereoAwareness::Unaware_MultiViewShaders)
+                StereoAwareness::Unaware_MultiViewShaders, shouldAddMSAAIntermediateTarget())
             , mAspectRatio(static_cast<float>(sizeX) / static_cast<float>(sizeY))
         {
             if (SceneUtil::AutoDepth::isReversed())
@@ -226,9 +227,13 @@ namespace MWRender
         mRTTNode = new CharacterPreviewRTTNode(sizeX, sizeY);
         mRTTNode->setNodeMask(Mask_RenderToTexture);
 
-        bool ffp = mResourceSystem->getSceneManager()->getLightingMethod() == SceneUtil::LightingMethod::FFP;
-
-        osg::ref_ptr<SceneUtil::LightManager> lightManager = new SceneUtil::LightManager(ffp);
+        osg::ref_ptr<SceneUtil::LightManager> lightManager = new SceneUtil::LightManager(SceneUtil::LightSettings{
+            .mLightingMethod = mResourceSystem->getSceneManager()->getLightingMethod(),
+            .mMaxLights = Settings::shaders().mMaxLights,
+            .mMaximumLightDistance = Settings::shaders().mMaximumLightDistance,
+            .mLightFadeStart = Settings::shaders().mLightFadeStart,
+            .mLightBoundsMultiplier = Settings::shaders().mLightBoundsMultiplier,
+        });
         lightManager->setStartLight(1);
         osg::ref_ptr<osg::StateSet> stateset = lightManager->getOrCreateStateSet();
         stateset->setDefine("FORCE_OPAQUE", "1", osg::StateAttribute::ON);
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/localmap.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/localmap.cpp
index a07fa10b09..3d28bf477d 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/localmap.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/localmap.cpp
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 
 #include "../mwworld/cellstore.hpp"
 
+#include "util.hpp"
 #include "vismask.hpp"
 
 namespace
@@ -679,7 +680,7 @@ namespace MWRender
 
     LocalMapRenderToTexture::LocalMapRenderToTexture(osg::Node* sceneRoot, int res, int mapWorldSize, float x, float y,
         const osg::Vec3d& upVector, float zmin, float zmax)
-        : RTTNode(res, res, 0, false, 0, StereoAwareness::Unaware_MultiViewShaders)
+        : RTTNode(res, res, 0, false, 0, StereoAwareness::Unaware_MultiViewShaders, shouldAddMSAAIntermediateTarget())
         , mSceneRoot(sceneRoot)
         , mActive(true)
     {
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/postprocessor.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/postprocessor.cpp
index bcaba03161..9162657e30 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/postprocessor.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/postprocessor.cpp
@@ -122,7 +122,6 @@ namespace MWRender
         , mReload(false)
         , mEnabled(false)
         , mUsePostProcessing(Settings::postProcessing().mEnabled)
-        , mSoftParticles(false)
         , mDisableDepthPasses(false)
         , mLastFrameNumber(0)
         , mLastSimulationTime(0.f)
@@ -135,8 +134,6 @@ namespace MWRender
         , mPassLights(false)
         , mPrevPassLights(false)
     {
-        mSoftParticles = Settings::Manager::getBool("soft particles", "Shaders");
-
         osg::GraphicsContext* gc = viewer->getCamera()->getGraphicsContext();
         osg::GLExtensions* ext = gc->getState()->get<osg::GLExtensions>();
 
@@ -155,7 +152,7 @@ namespace MWRender
         else
             Log(Debug::Error) << "'glDisablei' unsupported, pass normals will not be available to shaders.";
 
-        if (mSoftParticles)
+        if (Settings::shaders().mSoftParticles)
         {
             for (int i = 0; i < 2; ++i)
             {
@@ -172,7 +169,8 @@ namespace MWRender
         mUBO = ext->isUniformBufferObjectSupported && mGLSLVersion >= 330;
         mStateUpdater = new fx::StateUpdater(mUBO);
 
-        if (!Stereo::getStereo() && !SceneUtil::AutoDepth::isReversed() && !mSoftParticles && !mUsePostProcessing)
+        if (!Stereo::getStereo() && !SceneUtil::AutoDepth::isReversed() && !Settings::shaders().mSoftParticles
+            && !mUsePostProcessing)
             return;
 
         enable(mUsePostProcessing);
@@ -239,7 +237,7 @@ namespace MWRender
         const bool postPass = Settings::postProcessing().mTransparentPostpass;
         mUsePostProcessing = usePostProcessing;
 
-        mDisableDepthPasses = !mSoftParticles && !postPass;
+        mDisableDepthPasses = !Settings::shaders().mSoftParticles && !postPass;
 
 #ifdef ANDROID
         mDisableDepthPasses = true;
@@ -276,10 +274,10 @@ namespace MWRender
 
     void PostProcessor::disable()
     {
-        if (!mSoftParticles)
+        if (!Settings::shaders().mSoftParticles)
             osgUtil::RenderBin::getRenderBinPrototype("DepthSortedBin")->setDrawCallback(nullptr);
 
-        if (!SceneUtil::AutoDepth::isReversed() && !mSoftParticles)
+        if (!SceneUtil::AutoDepth::isReversed() && !Settings::shaders().mSoftParticles)
         {
             removeChild(mHUDCamera);
             setCullCallback(nullptr);
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/postprocessor.hpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/postprocessor.hpp
index fa230ec2e8..4473ade836 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/postprocessor.hpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/postprocessor.hpp
@@ -175,8 +175,6 @@ namespace MWRender
 
         bool isEnabled() const { return mUsePostProcessing && mEnabled; }
 
-        bool softParticlesEnabled() const { return mSoftParticles; }
-
         bool getHDR() const { return mHDR; }
 
         void disable();
@@ -247,7 +245,6 @@ namespace MWRender
         bool mReload;
         bool mEnabled;
         bool mUsePostProcessing;
-        bool mSoftParticles;
         bool mDisableDepthPasses;
 
         size_t mLastFrameNumber;
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/precipitationocclusion.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/precipitationocclusion.cpp
index e7c9245fef..204b5c07bd 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/precipitationocclusion.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/precipitationocclusion.cpp
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #include <components/sceneutil/depth.hpp>
 #include <components/sceneutil/positionattitudetransform.hpp>
 #include <components/sceneutil/util.hpp>
+#include <components/settings/values.hpp>
 #include <components/shader/shadermanager.hpp>
 
 #include "../mwbase/environment.hpp"
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ namespace MWRender
         mCamera->attach(osg::Camera::DEPTH_BUFFER, mDepthTexture);
         mCamera->addChild(mSceneNode);
         mCamera->setSmallFeatureCullingPixelSize(
-            Settings::Manager::getFloat("weather particle occlusion small feature culling pixel size", "Shaders"));
+            Settings::shaders().mWeatherParticleOcclusionSmallFeatureCullingPixelSize);
 
         SceneUtil::setCameraClearDepth(mCamera);
     }
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/renderingmanager.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/renderingmanager.cpp
index d470273862..b7685e0cd8 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/renderingmanager.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/renderingmanager.cpp
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
 #include "screenshotmanager.hpp"
 #include "sky.hpp"
 #include "terrainstorage.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
 #include "vismask.hpp"
 #include "water.hpp"
 
@@ -312,7 +313,6 @@ namespace MWRender
         , mResourceSystem(resourceSystem)
         , mWorkQueue(workQueue)
         , mNavigator(navigator)
-        , mMinimumAmbientLuminance(0.f)
         , mNightEyeFactor(0.f)
         // TODO: Near clip should not need to be bounded like this, but too small values break OSG shadow calculations
         // CPU-side. See issue: #6072
@@ -325,46 +325,40 @@ namespace MWRender
         , mGroundCoverStore(groundcoverStore)
     {
         bool reverseZ = SceneUtil::AutoDepth::isReversed();
-        auto lightingMethod = SceneUtil::LightManager::getLightingMethodFromString(
-            Settings::Manager::getString("lighting method", "Shaders"));
+        const SceneUtil::LightingMethod lightingMethod = Settings::shaders().mLightingMethod;
 
         resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setParticleSystemMask(MWRender::Mask_ParticleSystem);
         // Shadows and radial fog have problems with fixed-function mode.
         bool forceShaders = Settings::fog().mRadialFog || Settings::fog().mExponentialFog
-            || Settings::Manager::getBool("soft particles", "Shaders")
-            || Settings::Manager::getBool("force shaders", "Shaders")
+            || Settings::shaders().mSoftParticles || Settings::shaders().mForceShaders
             || Settings::Manager::getBool("enable shadows", "Shadows")
             || lightingMethod != SceneUtil::LightingMethod::FFP || reverseZ || mSkyBlending || Stereo::getMultiview();
         resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setForceShaders(forceShaders);
 
         // FIXME: calling dummy method because terrain needs to know whether lighting is clamped
-        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setClampLighting(Settings::Manager::getBool("clamp lighting", "Shaders"));
-        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setAutoUseNormalMaps(
-            Settings::Manager::getBool("auto use object normal maps", "Shaders"));
-        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setNormalMapPattern(
-            Settings::Manager::getString("normal map pattern", "Shaders"));
-        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setNormalHeightMapPattern(
-            Settings::Manager::getString("normal height map pattern", "Shaders"));
-        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setAutoUseSpecularMaps(
-            Settings::Manager::getBool("auto use object specular maps", "Shaders"));
-        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setSpecularMapPattern(
-            Settings::Manager::getString("specular map pattern", "Shaders"));
+        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setClampLighting(Settings::shaders().mClampLighting);
+        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setAutoUseNormalMaps(Settings::shaders().mAutoUseObjectNormalMaps);
+        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setNormalMapPattern(Settings::shaders().mNormalMapPattern);
+        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setNormalHeightMapPattern(Settings::shaders().mNormalHeightMapPattern);
+        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setAutoUseSpecularMaps(Settings::shaders().mAutoUseObjectSpecularMaps);
+        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setSpecularMapPattern(Settings::shaders().mSpecularMapPattern);
         resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setApplyLightingToEnvMaps(
-            Settings::Manager::getBool("apply lighting to environment maps", "Shaders"));
-        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setConvertAlphaTestToAlphaToCoverage(
-            Settings::Manager::getBool("antialias alpha test", "Shaders")
-            && Settings::Manager::getInt("antialiasing", "Video") > 1);
+            Settings::shaders().mApplyLightingToEnvironmentMaps);
+        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setConvertAlphaTestToAlphaToCoverage(shouldAddMSAAIntermediateTarget());
         resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setAdjustCoverageForAlphaTest(
-            Settings::Manager::getBool("adjust coverage for alpha test", "Shaders"));
+            Settings::shaders().mAdjustCoverageForAlphaTest);
 
         // Let LightManager choose which backend to use based on our hint. For methods besides legacy lighting, this
         // depends on support for various OpenGL extensions.
-        osg::ref_ptr<SceneUtil::LightManager> sceneRoot
-            = new SceneUtil::LightManager(lightingMethod == SceneUtil::LightingMethod::FFP);
+        osg::ref_ptr<SceneUtil::LightManager> sceneRoot = new SceneUtil::LightManager(SceneUtil::LightSettings{
+            .mLightingMethod = lightingMethod,
+            .mMaxLights = Settings::shaders().mMaxLights,
+            .mMaximumLightDistance = Settings::shaders().mMaximumLightDistance,
+            .mLightFadeStart = Settings::shaders().mLightFadeStart,
+            .mLightBoundsMultiplier = Settings::shaders().mLightBoundsMultiplier,
+        });
         resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setLightingMethod(sceneRoot->getLightingMethod());
         resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setSupportedLightingMethods(sceneRoot->getSupportedLightingMethods());
-        mMinimumAmbientLuminance
-            = std::clamp(Settings::Manager::getFloat("minimum interior brightness", "Shaders"), 0.f, 1.f);
 
         sceneRoot->setLightingMask(Mask_Lighting);
         mSceneRoot = sceneRoot;
@@ -396,10 +390,9 @@ namespace MWRender
         for (auto itr = shadowDefines.begin(); itr != shadowDefines.end(); itr++)
             globalDefines[itr->first] = itr->second;
 
-        globalDefines["forcePPL"] = Settings::Manager::getBool("force per pixel lighting", "Shaders") ? "1" : "0";
-        globalDefines["clamp"] = Settings::Manager::getBool("clamp lighting", "Shaders") ? "1" : "0";
-        globalDefines["preLightEnv"]
-            = Settings::Manager::getBool("apply lighting to environment maps", "Shaders") ? "1" : "0";
+        globalDefines["forcePPL"] = Settings::shaders().mForcePerPixelLighting ? "1" : "0";
+        globalDefines["clamp"] = Settings::shaders().mClampLighting ? "1" : "0";
+        globalDefines["preLightEnv"] = Settings::shaders().mApplyLightingToEnvironmentMaps ? "1" : "0";
         const bool exponentialFog = Settings::fog().mExponentialFog;
         globalDefines["radialFog"] = (exponentialFog || Settings::fog().mRadialFog) ? "1" : "0";
         globalDefines["exponentialFog"] = exponentialFog ? "1" : "0";
@@ -445,11 +438,11 @@ namespace MWRender
 
         mEffectManager = std::make_unique<EffectManager>(sceneRoot, mResourceSystem);
 
-        const std::string& normalMapPattern = Settings::Manager::getString("normal map pattern", "Shaders");
-        const std::string& heightMapPattern = Settings::Manager::getString("normal height map pattern", "Shaders");
-        const std::string& specularMapPattern = Settings::Manager::getString("terrain specular map pattern", "Shaders");
-        const bool useTerrainNormalMaps = Settings::Manager::getBool("auto use terrain normal maps", "Shaders");
-        const bool useTerrainSpecularMaps = Settings::Manager::getBool("auto use terrain specular maps", "Shaders");
+        const std::string& normalMapPattern = Settings::shaders().mNormalMapPattern;
+        const std::string& heightMapPattern = Settings::shaders().mNormalHeightMapPattern;
+        const std::string& specularMapPattern = Settings::shaders().mTerrainSpecularMapPattern;
+        const bool useTerrainNormalMaps = Settings::shaders().mAutoUseTerrainNormalMaps;
+        const bool useTerrainSpecularMaps = Settings::shaders().mAutoUseTerrainSpecularMaps;
 
         mTerrainStorage = std::make_unique<TerrainStorage>(mResourceSystem, normalMapPattern, heightMapPattern,
             useTerrainNormalMaps, specularMapPattern, useTerrainSpecularMaps);
@@ -472,8 +465,9 @@ namespace MWRender
         resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setOpaqueDepthTex(
             mPostProcessor->getTexture(PostProcessor::Tex_OpaqueDepth, 0),
             mPostProcessor->getTexture(PostProcessor::Tex_OpaqueDepth, 1));
-        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setSoftParticles(mPostProcessor->softParticlesEnabled());
+        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setSoftParticles(Settings::shaders().mSoftParticles);
         resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setSupportsNormalsRT(mPostProcessor->getSupportsNormalsRT());
+        resourceSystem->getSceneManager()->setWeatherParticleOcclusion(Settings::shaders().mWeatherParticleOcclusion);
 
         // water goes after terrain for correct waterculling order
         mWater = std::make_unique<Water>(
@@ -680,15 +674,16 @@ namespace MWRender
 
             // we already work in linear RGB so no conversions are needed for the luminosity function
             float relativeLuminance = pR * ambient.r() + pG * ambient.g() + pB * ambient.b();
-            if (relativeLuminance < mMinimumAmbientLuminance)
+            const float minimumAmbientLuminance = Settings::shaders().mMinimumInteriorBrightness;
+            if (relativeLuminance < minimumAmbientLuminance)
             {
                 // brighten ambient so it reaches the minimum threshold but no more, we want to mess with content data
                 // as least we can
                 if (ambient.r() == 0.f && ambient.g() == 0.f && ambient.b() == 0.f)
                     ambient = osg::Vec4(
-                        mMinimumAmbientLuminance, mMinimumAmbientLuminance, mMinimumAmbientLuminance, ambient.a());
+                        minimumAmbientLuminance, minimumAmbientLuminance, minimumAmbientLuminance, ambient.a());
                 else
-                    ambient *= mMinimumAmbientLuminance / relativeLuminance;
+                    ambient *= minimumAmbientLuminance / relativeLuminance;
             }
         }
 
@@ -1408,8 +1403,6 @@ namespace MWRender
             }
             else if (it->first == "Shaders" && it->second == "minimum interior brightness")
             {
-                mMinimumAmbientLuminance
-                    = std::clamp(Settings::Manager::getFloat("minimum interior brightness", "Shaders"), 0.f, 1.f);
                 if (MWMechanics::getPlayer().isInCell())
                     configureAmbient(*MWMechanics::getPlayer().getCell()->getCell());
             }
@@ -1418,13 +1411,15 @@ namespace MWRender
                     || it->second == "light fade start" || it->second == "max lights"))
             {
                 auto* lightManager = getLightRoot();
-                lightManager->processChangedSettings(changed);
+
+                lightManager->processChangedSettings(Settings::shaders().mLightBoundsMultiplier,
+                    Settings::shaders().mMaximumLightDistance, Settings::shaders().mLightFadeStart);
 
                 if (it->second == "max lights" && !lightManager->usingFFP())
                 {
                     mViewer->stopThreading();
 
-                    lightManager->updateMaxLights();
+                    lightManager->updateMaxLights(Settings::shaders().mMaxLights);
 
                     auto defines = mResourceSystem->getSceneManager()->getShaderManager().getGlobalDefines();
                     for (const auto& [name, key] : lightManager->getLightDefines())
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/renderingmanager.hpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/renderingmanager.hpp
index f1760d3960..22ef987c01 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/renderingmanager.hpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/renderingmanager.hpp
@@ -342,7 +342,6 @@ namespace MWRender
         osg::ref_ptr<PerViewUniformStateUpdater> mPerViewUniformStateUpdater;
 
         osg::Vec4f mAmbientColor;
-        float mMinimumAmbientLuminance;
         float mNightEyeFactor;
 
         float mNearClip;
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/sky.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/sky.cpp
index 05c7a1bab2..51018e93f9 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/sky.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/sky.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 
 #include "renderbin.hpp"
 #include "skyutil.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
 #include "vismask.hpp"
 
 namespace
@@ -205,7 +206,8 @@ namespace
     {
     public:
         SkyRTT(osg::Vec2f size, osg::Group* earlyRenderBinRoot)
-            : RTTNode(static_cast<int>(size.x()), static_cast<int>(size.y()), 0, false, 1, StereoAwareness::Aware)
+            : RTTNode(static_cast<int>(size.x()), static_cast<int>(size.y()), 0, false, 1, StereoAwareness::Aware,
+                MWRender::shouldAddMSAAIntermediateTarget())
             , mEarlyRenderBinRoot(earlyRenderBinRoot)
         {
             setDepthBufferInternalFormat(GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8);
@@ -292,7 +294,7 @@ namespace MWRender
         mRootNode->addChild(mEarlyRenderBinRoot);
         mUnderwaterSwitch = new UnderwaterSwitchCallback(skyroot);
 
-        mPrecipitationOcclusion = Settings::Manager::getBool("weather particle occlusion", "Shaders");
+        mPrecipitationOcclusion = Settings::shaders().mWeatherParticleOcclusion;
         mPrecipitationOccluder = std::make_unique<PrecipitationOccluder>(skyroot, parentNode, rootNode, camera);
     }
 
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/util.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/util.cpp
index 509ea2efa7..234b022f5d 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/util.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/util.cpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <components/resource/imagemanager.hpp>
 #include <components/resource/resourcesystem.hpp>
 #include <components/sceneutil/visitor.hpp>
+#include <components/settings/values.hpp>
 
 namespace MWRender
 {
@@ -67,4 +68,9 @@ namespace MWRender
         node->setStateSet(stateset);
     }
 
+    bool shouldAddMSAAIntermediateTarget()
+    {
+        return Settings::shaders().mAntialiasAlphaTest && Settings::Manager::getInt("antialiasing", "Video") > 1;
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/util.hpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/util.hpp
index 457b23f94b..64edaf8e18 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/util.hpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/util.hpp
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <osg/NodeCallback>
 #include <osg/ref_ptr>
+
 #include <string>
 
 namespace osg
@@ -35,6 +36,8 @@ namespace MWRender
             // no traverse()
         }
     };
+
+    bool shouldAddMSAAIntermediateTarget();
 }
 
 #endif
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/water.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/water.cpp
index 51ce06069c..f823378e46 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/water.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/water.cpp
@@ -35,11 +35,14 @@
 
 #include <components/fallback/fallback.hpp>
 
+#include <components/settings/values.hpp>
+
 #include "../mwworld/cellstore.hpp"
 
 #include "renderbin.hpp"
 #include "ripples.hpp"
 #include "ripplesimulation.hpp"
+#include "util.hpp"
 #include "vismask.hpp"
 
 namespace MWRender
@@ -234,7 +237,7 @@ namespace MWRender
     {
     public:
         Refraction(uint32_t rttSize)
-            : RTTNode(rttSize, rttSize, 0, false, 1, StereoAwareness::Aware)
+            : RTTNode(rttSize, rttSize, 0, false, 1, StereoAwareness::Aware, shouldAddMSAAIntermediateTarget())
             , mNodeMask(Refraction::sDefaultCullMask)
         {
             setDepthBufferInternalFormat(GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8);
@@ -315,7 +318,7 @@ namespace MWRender
     {
     public:
         Reflection(uint32_t rttSize, bool isInterior)
-            : RTTNode(rttSize, rttSize, 0, false, 0, StereoAwareness::Aware)
+            : RTTNode(rttSize, rttSize, 0, false, 0, StereoAwareness::Aware, shouldAddMSAAIntermediateTarget())
         {
             setInterior(isInterior);
             setDepthBufferInternalFormat(GL_DEPTH24_STENCIL8);
diff --git a/components/CMakeLists.txt b/components/CMakeLists.txt
index 5ad7562e96..dd680dc98d 100644
--- a/components/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/components/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ add_component_dir (sceneutil
     clone attach visitor util statesetupdater controller skeleton riggeometry morphgeometry lightcontroller
     lightmanager lightutil positionattitudetransform workqueue pathgridutil waterutil writescene serialize optimizer
     detourdebugdraw navmesh agentpath shadow mwshadowtechnique recastmesh shadowsbin osgacontroller rtt
-    screencapture depth color riggeometryosgaextension extradata unrefqueue lightcommon
+    screencapture depth color riggeometryosgaextension extradata unrefqueue lightcommon lightingmethod
     )
 
 add_component_dir (nif
diff --git a/components/resource/scenemanager.cpp b/components/resource/scenemanager.cpp
index 66fee5256d..b3c9eee5e7 100644
--- a/components/resource/scenemanager.cpp
+++ b/components/resource/scenemanager.cpp
@@ -1118,10 +1118,10 @@ namespace Resource
         stats->setAttribute(frameNumber, "Node", mCache->getCacheSize());
     }
 
-    Shader::ShaderVisitor* SceneManager::createShaderVisitor(const std::string& shaderPrefix)
+    osg::ref_ptr<Shader::ShaderVisitor> SceneManager::createShaderVisitor(const std::string& shaderPrefix)
     {
-        Shader::ShaderVisitor* shaderVisitor
-            = new Shader::ShaderVisitor(*mShaderManager.get(), *mImageManager, shaderPrefix);
+        osg::ref_ptr<Shader::ShaderVisitor> shaderVisitor(
+            new Shader::ShaderVisitor(*mShaderManager.get(), *mImageManager, shaderPrefix));
         shaderVisitor->setForceShaders(mForceShaders);
         shaderVisitor->setAutoUseNormalMaps(mAutoUseNormalMaps);
         shaderVisitor->setNormalMapPattern(mNormalMapPattern);
@@ -1132,6 +1132,7 @@ namespace Resource
         shaderVisitor->setConvertAlphaTestToAlphaToCoverage(mConvertAlphaTestToAlphaToCoverage);
         shaderVisitor->setAdjustCoverageForAlphaTest(mAdjustCoverageForAlphaTest);
         shaderVisitor->setSupportsNormalsRT(mSupportsNormalsRT);
+        shaderVisitor->setWeatherParticleOcclusion(mWeatherParticleOcclusion);
         return shaderVisitor;
     }
 }
diff --git a/components/resource/scenemanager.hpp b/components/resource/scenemanager.hpp
index e8a9640ce9..c7663a4d91 100644
--- a/components/resource/scenemanager.hpp
+++ b/components/resource/scenemanager.hpp
@@ -227,8 +227,10 @@ namespace Resource
         void setSoftParticles(bool enabled) { mSoftParticles = enabled; }
         bool getSoftParticles() const { return mSoftParticles; }
 
+        void setWeatherParticleOcclusion(bool value) { mWeatherParticleOcclusion = value; }
+
     private:
-        Shader::ShaderVisitor* createShaderVisitor(const std::string& shaderPrefix = "objects");
+        osg::ref_ptr<Shader::ShaderVisitor> createShaderVisitor(const std::string& shaderPrefix = "objects");
         osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> loadErrorMarker();
         osg::ref_ptr<osg::Node> cloneErrorMarker();
 
@@ -248,6 +250,7 @@ namespace Resource
         bool mSupportsNormalsRT;
         std::array<osg::ref_ptr<osg::Texture>, 2> mOpaqueDepthTex;
         bool mSoftParticles = false;
+        bool mWeatherParticleOcclusion = false;
 
         osg::ref_ptr<Resource::SharedStateManager> mSharedStateManager;
         mutable std::mutex mSharedStateMutex;
diff --git a/components/sceneutil/lightingmethod.hpp b/components/sceneutil/lightingmethod.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..00aafd1cb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/components/sceneutil/lightingmethod.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef OPENMW_COMPONENTS_SCENEUTIL_LIGHTINGMETHOD_H
+#define OPENMW_COMPONENTS_SCENEUTIL_LIGHTINGMETHOD_H
+
+namespace SceneUtil
+{
+    enum class LightingMethod
+    {
+        FFP,
+        PerObjectUniform,
+        SingleUBO,
+    };
+}
+
+#endif
diff --git a/components/sceneutil/lightmanager.cpp b/components/sceneutil/lightmanager.cpp
index ea7d3459ae..6bca92fdb4 100644
--- a/components/sceneutil/lightmanager.cpp
+++ b/components/sceneutil/lightmanager.cpp
@@ -23,8 +23,6 @@
 
 namespace
 {
-    constexpr int maxLightsLowerLimit = 2;
-    constexpr int maxLightsUpperLimit = 64;
     constexpr int ffpMaxLights = 8;
 
     bool sortLights(const SceneUtil::LightManager::LightSourceViewBound* left,
@@ -817,7 +815,7 @@ namespace SceneUtil
         return "";
     }
 
-    LightManager::LightManager(bool ffp)
+    LightManager::LightManager(const LightSettings& settings)
         : mStartLight(0)
         , mLightingMask(~0u)
         , mSun(nullptr)
@@ -835,18 +833,15 @@ namespace SceneUtil
 
         setUpdateCallback(new LightManagerUpdateCallback);
 
-        if (ffp)
+        if (settings.mLightingMethod == LightingMethod::FFP)
         {
             initFFP(ffpMaxLights);
             return;
         }
 
-        const std::string& lightingMethodString = Settings::Manager::getString("lighting method", "Shaders");
-        auto lightingMethod = LightManager::getLightingMethodFromString(lightingMethodString);
-
         static bool hasLoggedWarnings = false;
 
-        if (lightingMethod == LightingMethod::SingleUBO && !hasLoggedWarnings)
+        if (settings.mLightingMethod == LightingMethod::SingleUBO && !hasLoggedWarnings)
         {
             if (!supportsUBO)
                 Log(Debug::Warning)
@@ -857,15 +852,12 @@ namespace SceneUtil
             hasLoggedWarnings = true;
         }
 
-        const int targetLights
-            = std::clamp(Settings::Manager::getInt("max lights", "Shaders"), maxLightsLowerLimit, maxLightsUpperLimit);
-
-        if (!supportsUBO || !supportsGPU4 || lightingMethod == LightingMethod::PerObjectUniform)
-            initPerObjectUniform(targetLights);
+        if (!supportsUBO || !supportsGPU4 || settings.mLightingMethod == LightingMethod::PerObjectUniform)
+            initPerObjectUniform(settings.mMaxLights);
         else
-            initSingleUBO(targetLights);
+            initSingleUBO(settings.mMaxLights);
 
-        updateSettings();
+        updateSettings(settings.mLightBoundsMultiplier, settings.mMaximumLightDistance, settings.mLightFadeStart);
 
         getOrCreateStateSet()->addUniform(new osg::Uniform("PointLightCount", 0));
 
@@ -931,18 +923,18 @@ namespace SceneUtil
         return defines;
     }
 
-    void LightManager::processChangedSettings(const Settings::CategorySettingVector& changed)
+    void LightManager::processChangedSettings(
+        float lightBoundsMultiplier, float maximumLightDistance, float lightFadeStart)
     {
-        updateSettings();
+        updateSettings(lightBoundsMultiplier, maximumLightDistance, lightFadeStart);
     }
 
-    void LightManager::updateMaxLights()
+    void LightManager::updateMaxLights(int maxLights)
     {
         if (usingFFP())
             return;
 
-        setMaxLights(
-            std::clamp(Settings::Manager::getInt("max lights", "Shaders"), maxLightsLowerLimit, maxLightsUpperLimit));
+        setMaxLights(maxLights);
 
         if (getLightingMethod() == LightingMethod::PerObjectUniform)
         {
@@ -954,20 +946,15 @@ namespace SceneUtil
             cache.clear();
     }
 
-    void LightManager::updateSettings()
+    void LightManager::updateSettings(float lightBoundsMultiplier, float maximumLightDistance, float lightFadeStart)
     {
         if (getLightingMethod() == LightingMethod::FFP)
             return;
 
-        mPointLightRadiusMultiplier
-            = std::clamp(Settings::Manager::getFloat("light bounds multiplier", "Shaders"), 0.f, 5.f);
-
-        mPointLightFadeEnd = std::max(0.f, Settings::Manager::getFloat("maximum light distance", "Shaders"));
+        mPointLightRadiusMultiplier = lightBoundsMultiplier;
+        mPointLightFadeEnd = maximumLightDistance;
         if (mPointLightFadeEnd > 0)
-        {
-            mPointLightFadeStart = std::clamp(Settings::Manager::getFloat("light fade start", "Shaders"), 0.f, 1.f);
-            mPointLightFadeStart = mPointLightFadeEnd * mPointLightFadeStart;
-        }
+            mPointLightFadeStart = mPointLightFadeEnd * lightFadeStart;
     }
 
     void LightManager::initFFP(int targetLights)
diff --git a/components/sceneutil/lightmanager.hpp b/components/sceneutil/lightmanager.hpp
index 93bddb800b..0b30a77e5c 100644
--- a/components/sceneutil/lightmanager.hpp
+++ b/components/sceneutil/lightmanager.hpp
@@ -12,7 +12,8 @@
 #include <osg/observer_ptr>
 
 #include <components/sceneutil/nodecallback.hpp>
-#include <components/settings/settings.hpp>
+
+#include "lightingmethod.hpp"
 
 namespace SceneUtil
 {
@@ -82,13 +83,6 @@ namespace SceneUtil
         std::array<osg::ref_ptr<osg::Uniform>, 2> mUniformCount;
     };
 
-    enum class LightingMethod
-    {
-        FFP,
-        PerObjectUniform,
-        SingleUBO,
-    };
-
     /// LightSource managed by a LightManager.
     /// @par Typically used for point lights. Spot lights are not supported yet. Directional lights affect the whole
     /// scene
@@ -186,6 +180,15 @@ namespace SceneUtil
         osg::ref_ptr<LightBuffer> mTemplate;
     };
 
+    struct LightSettings
+    {
+        LightingMethod mLightingMethod = LightingMethod::FFP;
+        int mMaxLights = 0;
+        float mMaximumLightDistance = 0;
+        float mLightFadeStart = 0;
+        float mLightBoundsMultiplier = 0;
+    };
+
     /// @brief Decorator node implementing the rendering of any number of LightSources that can be anywhere in the
     /// subgraph.
     class LightManager : public osg::Group
@@ -212,7 +215,7 @@ namespace SceneUtil
 
         META_Node(SceneUtil, LightManager)
 
-        LightManager(bool ffp = true);
+        explicit LightManager(const LightSettings& settings = LightSettings{});
 
         LightManager(const LightManager& copy, const osg::CopyOp& copyop);
 
@@ -264,10 +267,10 @@ namespace SceneUtil
 
         std::map<std::string, std::string> getLightDefines() const;
 
-        void processChangedSettings(const Settings::CategorySettingVector& changed);
+        void processChangedSettings(float lightBoundsMultiplier, float maximumLightDistance, float lightFadeStart);
 
         /// Not thread safe, it is the responsibility of the caller to stop/start threading on the viewer
-        void updateMaxLights();
+        void updateMaxLights(int maxLights);
 
         osg::ref_ptr<osg::Uniform> generateLightBufferUniform(const osg::Matrixf& sun);
 
@@ -281,7 +284,7 @@ namespace SceneUtil
         void initPerObjectUniform(int targetLights);
         void initSingleUBO(int targetLights);
 
-        void updateSettings();
+        void updateSettings(float lightBoundsMultiplier, float maximumLightDistance, float lightFadeStart);
 
         void setLightingMethod(LightingMethod method);
         void setMaxLights(int value);
diff --git a/components/sceneutil/rtt.cpp b/components/sceneutil/rtt.cpp
index eec4aaa35d..54d53ddab9 100644
--- a/components/sceneutil/rtt.cpp
+++ b/components/sceneutil/rtt.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace SceneUtil
     };
 
     RTTNode::RTTNode(uint32_t textureWidth, uint32_t textureHeight, uint32_t samples, bool generateMipmaps,
-        int renderOrderNum, StereoAwareness stereoAwareness)
+        int renderOrderNum, StereoAwareness stereoAwareness, bool addMSAAIntermediateTarget)
         : mTextureWidth(textureWidth)
         , mTextureHeight(textureHeight)
         , mSamples(samples)
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ namespace SceneUtil
         , mDepthBufferInternalFormat(SceneUtil::AutoDepth::depthInternalFormat())
         , mRenderOrderNum(renderOrderNum)
         , mStereoAwareness(stereoAwareness)
+        , mAddMSAAIntermediateTarget(addMSAAIntermediateTarget)
     {
         addCullCallback(new CullCallback);
         setCullingActive(false);
@@ -206,7 +207,8 @@ namespace SceneUtil
                     camera->attach(osg::Camera::COLOR_BUFFER, vdd->mColorTexture, 0,
                         Stereo::osgFaceControlledByMultiviewShader(), mGenerateMipmaps, mSamples);
                     SceneUtil::attachAlphaToCoverageFriendlyFramebufferToCamera(camera, osg::Camera::COLOR_BUFFER,
-                        vdd->mColorTexture, 0, Stereo::osgFaceControlledByMultiviewShader(), mGenerateMipmaps);
+                        vdd->mColorTexture, 0, Stereo::osgFaceControlledByMultiviewShader(), mGenerateMipmaps,
+                        mAddMSAAIntermediateTarget);
                 }
 
                 if (camera->getBufferAttachmentMap().count(osg::Camera::PACKED_DEPTH_STENCIL_BUFFER) == 0)
@@ -234,8 +236,8 @@ namespace SceneUtil
                 {
                     vdd->mColorTexture = createTexture(mColorBufferInternalFormat);
                     camera->attach(osg::Camera::COLOR_BUFFER, vdd->mColorTexture, 0, 0, mGenerateMipmaps, mSamples);
-                    SceneUtil::attachAlphaToCoverageFriendlyFramebufferToCamera(
-                        camera, osg::Camera::COLOR_BUFFER, vdd->mColorTexture, 0, 0, mGenerateMipmaps);
+                    SceneUtil::attachAlphaToCoverageFriendlyFramebufferToCamera(camera, osg::Camera::COLOR_BUFFER,
+                        vdd->mColorTexture, 0, 0, mGenerateMipmaps, mAddMSAAIntermediateTarget);
                 }
 
                 if (camera->getBufferAttachmentMap().count(osg::Camera::PACKED_DEPTH_STENCIL_BUFFER) == 0)
diff --git a/components/sceneutil/rtt.hpp b/components/sceneutil/rtt.hpp
index 5c8183f6c0..d2f43f78ed 100644
--- a/components/sceneutil/rtt.hpp
+++ b/components/sceneutil/rtt.hpp
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ namespace SceneUtil
         };
 
         RTTNode(uint32_t textureWidth, uint32_t textureHeight, uint32_t samples, bool generateMipmaps,
-            int renderOrderNum, StereoAwareness stereoAwareness);
+            int renderOrderNum, StereoAwareness stereoAwareness, bool addMSAAIntermediateTarget);
         ~RTTNode();
 
         osg::Texture* getColorTexture(osgUtil::CullVisitor* cv);
@@ -110,6 +110,7 @@ namespace SceneUtil
         GLint mDepthBufferInternalFormat;
         int mRenderOrderNum;
         StereoAwareness mStereoAwareness;
+        bool mAddMSAAIntermediateTarget;
     };
 }
 #endif
diff --git a/components/sceneutil/util.cpp b/components/sceneutil/util.cpp
index 7b921d15f4..6ff366f76e 100644
--- a/components/sceneutil/util.cpp
+++ b/components/sceneutil/util.cpp
@@ -239,13 +239,12 @@ namespace SceneUtil
         return glowUpdater;
     }
 
-    bool attachAlphaToCoverageFriendlyFramebufferToCamera(osg::Camera* camera, osg::Camera::BufferComponent buffer,
-        osg::Texture* texture, unsigned int level, unsigned int face, bool mipMapGeneration)
+    void attachAlphaToCoverageFriendlyFramebufferToCamera(osg::Camera* camera, osg::Camera::BufferComponent buffer,
+        osg::Texture* texture, unsigned int level, unsigned int face, bool mipMapGeneration,
+        bool addMSAAIntermediateTarget)
     {
         unsigned int samples = 0;
         unsigned int colourSamples = 0;
-        bool addMSAAIntermediateTarget = Settings::Manager::getBool("antialias alpha test", "Shaders")
-            && Settings::Manager::getInt("antialiasing", "Video") > 1;
         if (addMSAAIntermediateTarget)
         {
             // Alpha-to-coverage requires a multisampled framebuffer.
@@ -255,7 +254,6 @@ namespace SceneUtil
             colourSamples = 1;
         }
         camera->attach(buffer, texture, level, face, mipMapGeneration, samples, colourSamples);
-        return addMSAAIntermediateTarget;
     }
 
     OperationSequence::OperationSequence(bool keep)
diff --git a/components/sceneutil/util.hpp b/components/sceneutil/util.hpp
index 0a65a9980f..29fee09176 100644
--- a/components/sceneutil/util.hpp
+++ b/components/sceneutil/util.hpp
@@ -96,8 +96,9 @@ namespace SceneUtil
         const osg::Vec4f& glowColor, float glowDuration = -1);
 
     // Alpha-to-coverage requires a multisampled framebuffer, so we need to set that up for RTTs
-    bool attachAlphaToCoverageFriendlyFramebufferToCamera(osg::Camera* camera, osg::Camera::BufferComponent buffer,
-        osg::Texture* texture, unsigned int level = 0, unsigned int face = 0, bool mipMapGeneration = false);
+    void attachAlphaToCoverageFriendlyFramebufferToCamera(osg::Camera* camera, osg::Camera::BufferComponent buffer,
+        osg::Texture* texture, unsigned int level, unsigned int face, bool mipMapGeneration,
+        bool addMSAAIntermediateTarget);
 
     class OperationSequence : public osg::Operation
     {
diff --git a/components/settings/categories/shaders.hpp b/components/settings/categories/shaders.hpp
index e7d1e34713..7efb891822 100644
--- a/components/settings/categories/shaders.hpp
+++ b/components/settings/categories/shaders.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef OPENMW_COMPONENTS_SETTINGS_CATEGORIES_SHADERS_H
 #define OPENMW_COMPONENTS_SETTINGS_CATEGORIES_SHADERS_H
 
+#include "components/sceneutil/lightingmethod.hpp"
 #include "components/settings/sanitizerimpl.hpp"
 #include "components/settings/settingvalue.hpp"
 
@@ -30,11 +31,11 @@ namespace Settings
         SettingValue<std::string> mSpecularMapPattern{ mIndex, "Shaders", "specular map pattern" };
         SettingValue<std::string> mTerrainSpecularMapPattern{ mIndex, "Shaders", "terrain specular map pattern" };
         SettingValue<bool> mApplyLightingToEnvironmentMaps{ mIndex, "Shaders", "apply lighting to environment maps" };
-        SettingValue<std::string> mLightingMethod{ mIndex, "Shaders", "lighting method",
-            makeEnumSanitizerString({ "legacy", "shaders compatibility", "shaders" }) };
+        SettingValue<SceneUtil::LightingMethod> mLightingMethod{ mIndex, "Shaders", "lighting method" };
         SettingValue<float> mLightBoundsMultiplier{ mIndex, "Shaders", "light bounds multiplier",
             makeClampSanitizerFloat(0, 5) };
-        SettingValue<float> mMaximumLightDistance{ mIndex, "Shaders", "maximum light distance" };
+        SettingValue<float> mMaximumLightDistance{ mIndex, "Shaders", "maximum light distance",
+            makeMaxSanitizerFloat(0) };
         SettingValue<float> mLightFadeStart{ mIndex, "Shaders", "light fade start", makeClampSanitizerFloat(0, 1) };
         SettingValue<int> mMaxLights{ mIndex, "Shaders", "max lights", makeClampSanitizerInt(2, 64) };
         SettingValue<float> mMinimumInteriorBrightness{ mIndex, "Shaders", "minimum interior brightness",
diff --git a/components/settings/settings.cpp b/components/settings/settings.cpp
index 305d4edc88..bab8f41c1d 100644
--- a/components/settings/settings.cpp
+++ b/components/settings/settings.cpp
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 
 #endif
 
+#include <components/debug/debuglog.hpp>
 #include <components/files/configurationmanager.hpp>
 #include <components/misc/strings/algorithm.hpp>
 #include <components/misc/strings/conversion.hpp>
@@ -87,6 +88,21 @@ namespace Settings
             stream << value;
             return stream.str();
         }
+
+        std::string toString(SceneUtil::LightingMethod value)
+        {
+            switch (value)
+            {
+                case SceneUtil::LightingMethod::FFP:
+                    return "legacy";
+                case SceneUtil::LightingMethod::PerObjectUniform:
+                    return "shaders compatibility";
+                case SceneUtil::LightingMethod::SingleUBO:
+                    return "shaders";
+            }
+
+            throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid LightingMethod value: " + std::to_string(static_cast<int>(value)));
+        }
     }
 
     CategorySettingValueMap Manager::mDefaultSettings = CategorySettingValueMap();
@@ -459,6 +475,11 @@ namespace Settings
         setString(setting, category, value.print());
     }
 
+    void Manager::set(std::string_view setting, std::string_view category, SceneUtil::LightingMethod value)
+    {
+        setString(setting, category, toString(value));
+    }
+
     void Manager::recordInit(std::string_view setting, std::string_view category)
     {
         sInitialized.emplace(category, setting);
@@ -491,4 +512,18 @@ namespace Settings
 
         throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid navigation mesh rendering mode: " + std::string(value));
     }
+
+    SceneUtil::LightingMethod parseLightingMethod(std::string_view value)
+    {
+        if (value == "legacy")
+            return SceneUtil::LightingMethod::FFP;
+        if (value == "shaders compatibility")
+            return SceneUtil::LightingMethod::PerObjectUniform;
+        if (value == "shaders")
+            return SceneUtil::LightingMethod::SingleUBO;
+
+        constexpr const char* fallback = "shaders compatibility";
+        Log(Debug::Warning) << "Unknown lighting method '" << value << "', returning fallback '" << fallback << "'";
+        return SceneUtil::LightingMethod::PerObjectUniform;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/components/settings/settings.hpp b/components/settings/settings.hpp
index 784c7c613c..0177b5fbf2 100644
--- a/components/settings/settings.hpp
+++ b/components/settings/settings.hpp
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@
 #include "gyroscopeaxis.hpp"
 #include "navmeshrendermode.hpp"
 
-#include "components/detournavigator/collisionshapetype.hpp"
+#include <components/detournavigator/collisionshapetype.hpp>
+#include <components/sceneutil/lightingmethod.hpp>
 
 #include <filesystem>
 #include <set>
@@ -110,6 +111,7 @@ namespace Settings
         static void set(std::string_view setting, std::string_view category, DetourNavigator::CollisionShapeType value);
         static void set(std::string_view setting, std::string_view category, const std::vector<std::string>& value);
         static void set(std::string_view setting, std::string_view category, const MyGUI::Colour& value);
+        static void set(std::string_view setting, std::string_view category, SceneUtil::LightingMethod value);
 
     private:
         static std::set<std::pair<std::string_view, std::string_view>> sInitialized;
@@ -215,6 +217,15 @@ namespace Settings
     {
         return parseNavMeshRenderMode(getString(setting, category));
     }
+
+    SceneUtil::LightingMethod parseLightingMethod(std::string_view value);
+
+    template <>
+    inline SceneUtil::LightingMethod Manager::getImpl<SceneUtil::LightingMethod>(
+        std::string_view setting, std::string_view category)
+    {
+        return parseLightingMethod(getString(setting, category));
+    }
 }
 
 #endif // COMPONENTS_SETTINGS_H
diff --git a/components/settings/settingvalue.hpp b/components/settings/settingvalue.hpp
index 407fd15baf..35726cb25b 100644
--- a/components/settings/settingvalue.hpp
+++ b/components/settings/settingvalue.hpp
@@ -40,6 +40,7 @@ namespace Settings
         MyGuiColour,
         GyroscopeAxis,
         NavMeshRenderMode,
+        LightingMethod,
     };
 
     template <class T>
@@ -147,6 +148,12 @@ namespace Settings
         return SettingValueType::NavMeshRenderMode;
     }
 
+    template <>
+    inline constexpr SettingValueType getSettingValueType<SceneUtil::LightingMethod>()
+    {
+        return SettingValueType::LightingMethod;
+    }
+
     inline constexpr std::string_view getSettingValueTypeName(SettingValueType type)
     {
         switch (type)
@@ -185,6 +192,8 @@ namespace Settings
                 return "gyroscope axis";
             case SettingValueType::NavMeshRenderMode:
                 return "navmesh render mode";
+            case SettingValueType::LightingMethod:
+                return "lighting method";
         }
         return "unsupported";
     }
diff --git a/components/shader/shadervisitor.cpp b/components/shader/shadervisitor.cpp
index 1aa0f76e17..96e3d42f78 100644
--- a/components/shader/shadervisitor.cpp
+++ b/components/shader/shadervisitor.cpp
@@ -680,8 +680,7 @@ namespace Shader
 
         bool particleOcclusion = false;
         node.getUserValue("particleOcclusion", particleOcclusion);
-        defineMap["particleOcclusion"]
-            = particleOcclusion && Settings::Manager::getBool("weather particle occlusion", "Shaders") ? "1" : "0";
+        defineMap["particleOcclusion"] = particleOcclusion && mWeatherParticleOcclusion ? "1" : "0";
 
         if (reqs.mAlphaBlend && mSupportsNormalsRT)
         {
diff --git a/components/shader/shadervisitor.hpp b/components/shader/shadervisitor.hpp
index 0bd8bb9cd7..66bd8c2a9d 100644
--- a/components/shader/shadervisitor.hpp
+++ b/components/shader/shadervisitor.hpp
@@ -51,6 +51,8 @@ namespace Shader
 
         void setSupportsNormalsRT(bool supports) { mSupportsNormalsRT = supports; }
 
+        void setWeatherParticleOcclusion(bool value) { mWeatherParticleOcclusion = value; }
+
         void apply(osg::Node& node) override;
 
         void apply(osg::Drawable& drawable) override;
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ namespace Shader
         bool mAdjustCoverageForAlphaTest;
 
         bool mSupportsNormalsRT;
+        bool mWeatherParticleOcclusion = false;
 
         ShaderManager& mShaderManager;
         Resource::ImageManager& mImageManager;