diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwbase/luamanager.hpp b/apps/openmw/mwbase/luamanager.hpp
index 6885e93c19..e7b489d9ff 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwbase/luamanager.hpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwbase/luamanager.hpp
@@ -36,8 +36,6 @@ namespace MWBase
 
         virtual void newGameStarted() = 0;
         virtual void gameLoaded() = 0;
-        virtual void registerObject(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr) = 0;
-        virtual void deregisterObject(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr) = 0;
         virtual void objectAddedToScene(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr) = 0;
         virtual void objectRemovedFromScene(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr) = 0;
         virtual void itemConsumed(const MWWorld::Ptr& consumable, const MWWorld::Ptr& actor) = 0;
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwbase/world.hpp b/apps/openmw/mwbase/world.hpp
index ca84b1e9ee..46642a8d95 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwbase/world.hpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwbase/world.hpp
@@ -156,9 +156,6 @@ namespace MWBase
 
         virtual bool isCellQuasiExterior() const = 0;
 
-        virtual osg::Vec2f getNorthVector(const MWWorld::CellStore* cell) = 0;
-        ///< get north vector for given interior cell
-
         virtual void getDoorMarkers(MWWorld::CellStore* cell, std::vector<DoorMarker>& out) = 0;
         ///< get a list of teleport door markers for a given cell, to be displayed on the local map
 
@@ -263,9 +260,6 @@ namespace MWBase
             = 0;
         ///< @param changeEvent If false, do not trigger cell change flag or detect worldspace changes
 
-        virtual const ESM::Cell* getExterior(const ESM::RefId& cellName) const = 0;
-        ///< Return a cell matching the given name or a 0-pointer, if there is no such cell.
-
         virtual MWWorld::Ptr getFacedObject() = 0;
         ///< Return pointer to the object the player is looking at, if it is within activation range
 
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/cellbindings.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/cellbindings.cpp
index 9126021575..0f0062714c 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/cellbindings.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/cellbindings.cpp
@@ -38,8 +38,10 @@ namespace MWLua
             return res.str();
         };
 
-        cellT["name"] = sol::readonly_property([](const CellT& c) { return c.mStore->getCell()->mName; });
-        cellT["region"] = sol::readonly_property([](const CellT& c) { return c.mStore->getCell()->mRegion; });
+        cellT["name"]
+            = sol::readonly_property([](const CellT& c) { return c.mStore->getCell()->mName.getRefIdString(); });
+        cellT["region"]
+            = sol::readonly_property([](const CellT& c) { return c.mStore->getCell()->mRegion.getRefIdString(); });
         cellT["gridX"] = sol::readonly_property([](const CellT& c) { return c.mStore->getCell()->getGridX(); });
         cellT["gridY"] = sol::readonly_property([](const CellT& c) { return c.mStore->getCell()->getGridY(); });
         cellT["hasWater"] = sol::readonly_property([](const CellT& c) { return c.mStore->getCell()->hasWater(); });
@@ -57,11 +59,11 @@ namespace MWLua
 
         if constexpr (std::is_same_v<CellT, GCell>)
         { // only for global scripts
-            cellT["getAll"] = [worldView = context.mWorldView, ids = getPackageToTypeTable(context.mLua->sol())](
+            cellT["getAll"] = [ids = getPackageToTypeTable(context.mLua->sol())](
                                   const CellT& cell, sol::optional<sol::table> type) {
                 ObjectIdList res = std::make_shared<std::vector<ObjectId>>();
                 auto visitor = [&](const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr) {
-                    worldView->getObjectRegistry()->registerPtr(ptr);
+                    MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(ptr);
                     if (getLiveCellRefType(ptr.mRef) == ptr.getType())
                         res->push_back(getId(ptr));
                     return true;
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/localscripts.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/localscripts.cpp
index eb93037444..37c31abdac 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/localscripts.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/localscripts.cpp
@@ -92,14 +92,13 @@ namespace MWLua
                     return "Unknown";
             }
         });
-        aiPackage["target"]
-            = sol::readonly_property([worldView = context.mWorldView](const AiPackage& p) -> sol::optional<LObject> {
-                  MWWorld::Ptr target = p.getTarget();
-                  if (target.isEmpty())
-                      return sol::nullopt;
-                  else
-                      return LObject(getId(target), worldView->getObjectRegistry());
-              });
+        aiPackage["target"] = sol::readonly_property([](const AiPackage& p) -> sol::optional<LObject> {
+            MWWorld::Ptr target = p.getTarget();
+            if (target.isEmpty())
+                return sol::nullopt;
+            else
+                return LObject(getId(target));
+        });
         aiPackage["sideWithTarget"] = sol::readonly_property([](const AiPackage& p) { return p.sideWithTarget(); });
         aiPackage["destPosition"] = sol::readonly_property([](const AiPackage& p) { return p.getDestination(); });
 
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/luabindings.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/luabindings.cpp
index 452caea9b8..eb897e820d 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/luabindings.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/luabindings.cpp
@@ -78,20 +78,11 @@ namespace MWLua
         sol::table api(context.mLua->sol(), sol::create);
         WorldView* worldView = context.mWorldView;
         addTimeBindings(api, context, true);
-        api["getCellByName"] = [worldView = context.mWorldView](const std::string& name) -> sol::optional<GCell> {
-            MWWorld::CellStore* cell = worldView->findNamedCell(ESM::RefId::stringRefId(name));
-            if (cell)
-                return GCell{ cell };
-            else
-                return sol::nullopt;
-        };
-        api["getExteriorCell"] = [worldView = context.mWorldView](int x, int y) -> sol::optional<GCell> {
-            MWWorld::CellStore* cell = worldView->findExteriorCell(x, y);
-            if (cell)
-                return GCell{ cell };
-            else
-                return sol::nullopt;
+        api["getCellByName"] = [](std::string_view name) {
+            return GCell{ MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getCell(ESM::RefId::stringRefId(name)) };
         };
+        api["getExteriorCell"]
+            = [](int x, int y) { return GCell{ MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getExterior(x, y) }; };
         api["activeActors"] = GObjectList{ worldView->getActorsInScene() };
         // TODO: add world.placeNewObject(recordId, cell, pos, [rot])
         return LuaUtil::makeReadOnly(api);
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/luamanagerimp.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/luamanagerimp.cpp
index 103a14e9bb..c11a87eaac 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/luamanagerimp.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/luamanagerimp.cpp
@@ -55,10 +55,10 @@ namespace MWLua
         Log(Debug::Info) << "Lua version: " << LuaUtil::getLuaVersion();
         mLua.addInternalLibSearchPath(libsDir);
 
-        mGlobalSerializer = createUserdataSerializer(false, mWorldView.getObjectRegistry());
-        mLocalSerializer = createUserdataSerializer(true, mWorldView.getObjectRegistry());
-        mGlobalLoader = createUserdataSerializer(false, mWorldView.getObjectRegistry(), &mContentFileMapping);
-        mLocalLoader = createUserdataSerializer(true, mWorldView.getObjectRegistry(), &mContentFileMapping);
+        mGlobalSerializer = createUserdataSerializer(false);
+        mLocalSerializer = createUserdataSerializer(true);
+        mGlobalLoader = createUserdataSerializer(false, &mContentFileMapping);
+        mLocalLoader = createUserdataSerializer(true, &mContentFileMapping);
 
         mGlobalScripts.setSerializer(mGlobalSerializer.get());
     }
@@ -141,7 +141,6 @@ namespace MWLua
             return; // The game is not started yet.
 
         float frameDuration = MWBase::Environment::get().getFrameDuration();
-        ObjectRegistry* objectRegistry = mWorldView.getObjectRegistry();
 
         MWWorld::Ptr newPlayerPtr = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorld()->getPlayerPtr();
         if (!(getId(mPlayer) == getId(newPlayerPtr)))
@@ -149,7 +148,7 @@ namespace MWLua
         if (!mPlayer.isInCell() || !newPlayerPtr.isInCell() || mPlayer.getCell() != newPlayerPtr.getCell())
         {
             mPlayer = newPlayerPtr; // player was moved to another cell, update ptr in registry
-            objectRegistry->registerPtr(mPlayer);
+            MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(mPlayer);
         }
 
         mWorldView.update();
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ namespace MWLua
             mGlobalScripts.receiveEvent(e.mEventName, e.mEventData);
         for (LocalEvent& e : localEvents)
         {
-            LObject obj(e.mDest, objectRegistry);
+            LObject obj(e.mDest);
             LocalScripts* scripts = obj.isValid() ? obj.ptr().getRefData().getLuaScripts() : nullptr;
             if (scripts)
                 scripts->receiveEvent(e.mEventName, e.mEventData);
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ namespace MWLua
         // Engine handlers in local scripts
         for (const LocalEngineEvent& e : mLocalEngineEvents)
         {
-            LObject obj(e.mDest, objectRegistry);
+            LObject obj(e.mDest);
             if (!obj.isValid())
             {
                 if (luaDebug)
@@ -220,7 +219,7 @@ namespace MWLua
         if (mPlayerChanged)
         {
             mPlayerChanged = false;
-            mGlobalScripts.playerAdded(GObject(getId(mPlayer), objectRegistry));
+            mGlobalScripts.playerAdded(GObject(getId(mPlayer)));
         }
         if (mNewGameStarted)
         {
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ namespace MWLua
 
         for (ObjectId id : mObjectAddedEvents)
         {
-            GObject obj(id, objectRegistry);
+            GObject obj(id);
             if (obj.isValid())
             {
                 mGlobalScripts.objectActive(obj);
@@ -277,11 +276,11 @@ namespace MWLua
         mInGameConsoleMessages.clear();
 
         for (std::unique_ptr<Action>& action : mActionQueue)
-            action->safeApply(mWorldView);
+            action->safeApply();
         mActionQueue.clear();
 
         if (mTeleportPlayerAction)
-            mTeleportPlayerAction->safeApply(mWorldView);
+            mTeleportPlayerAction->safeApply();
         mTeleportPlayerAction.reset();
     }
 
@@ -378,32 +377,20 @@ namespace MWLua
         if (localScripts)
         {
             mActiveLocalScripts.erase(localScripts);
-            if (!mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()->getPtr(getId(ptr), true).isEmpty())
+            if (!MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getPtr(getId(ptr)).isEmpty())
                 mLocalEngineEvents.push_back({ getId(ptr), LocalScripts::OnInactive{} });
         }
     }
 
-    void LuaManager::registerObject(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr)
-    {
-        mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()->registerPtr(ptr);
-    }
-
-    void LuaManager::deregisterObject(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr)
-    {
-        mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()->deregisterPtr(ptr);
-    }
-
     void LuaManager::itemConsumed(const MWWorld::Ptr& consumable, const MWWorld::Ptr& actor)
     {
-        mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()->registerPtr(consumable);
-        mLocalEngineEvents.push_back(
-            { getId(actor), LocalScripts::OnConsume{ LObject(getId(consumable), mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()) } });
+        MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(consumable);
+        mLocalEngineEvents.push_back({ getId(actor), LocalScripts::OnConsume{ LObject(getId(consumable)) } });
     }
 
     void LuaManager::objectActivated(const MWWorld::Ptr& object, const MWWorld::Ptr& actor)
     {
-        mLocalEngineEvents.push_back(
-            { getId(object), LocalScripts::OnActivated{ LObject(getId(actor), mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()) } });
+        mLocalEngineEvents.push_back({ getId(object), LocalScripts::OnActivated{ LObject(getId(actor)) } });
     }
 
     MWBase::LuaManager::ActorControls* LuaManager::getActorControls(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr) const
@@ -437,7 +424,7 @@ namespace MWLua
             throw std::runtime_error("Lua scripts on static objects are not allowed");
         else if (type == ESM::REC_INTERNAL_PLAYER)
         {
-            scripts = std::make_shared<PlayerScripts>(&mLua, LObject(getId(ptr), mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()));
+            scripts = std::make_shared<PlayerScripts>(&mLua, LObject(getId(ptr)));
             scripts->setAutoStartConf(mConfiguration.getPlayerConf());
             scripts->addPackage("openmw.ui", mUserInterfacePackage);
             scripts->addPackage("openmw.camera", mCameraPackage);
@@ -448,7 +435,7 @@ namespace MWLua
         }
         else
         {
-            scripts = std::make_shared<LocalScripts>(&mLua, LObject(getId(ptr), mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()));
+            scripts = std::make_shared<LocalScripts>(&mLua, LObject(getId(ptr)));
             if (!autoStartConf.has_value())
                 autoStartConf = mConfiguration.getLocalConf(type, ptr.getCellRef().getRefId(), getId(ptr));
             scripts->setAutoStartConf(std::move(*autoStartConf));
@@ -507,7 +494,7 @@ namespace MWLua
             return;
         }
 
-        mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()->registerPtr(ptr);
+        MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(ptr);
         LocalScripts* scripts = createLocalScripts(ptr);
 
         scripts->setSerializer(mLocalSerializer.get());
@@ -515,7 +502,7 @@ namespace MWLua
         scripts->load(data);
 
         // LiveCellRef is usually copied after loading, so this Ptr will become invalid and should be deregistered.
-        mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()->deregisterPtr(ptr);
+        MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->deregisterPtr(ptr);
     }
 
     void LuaManager::reloadAllScripts()
@@ -536,7 +523,7 @@ namespace MWLua
             mGlobalScripts.load(data);
         }
 
-        for (const auto& [id, ptr] : mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()->mObjectMapping)
+        for (const auto& [id, ptr] : MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getAllPtrs())
         { // Reload local scripts
             LocalScripts* scripts = ptr.getRefData().getLuaScripts();
             if (scripts == nullptr)
@@ -564,7 +551,7 @@ namespace MWLua
         }
         sol::object selected = sol::nil;
         if (!selectedPtr.isEmpty())
-            selected = sol::make_object(mLua.sol(), LObject(getId(selectedPtr), mWorldView.getObjectRegistry()));
+            selected = sol::make_object(mLua.sol(), LObject(getId(selectedPtr)));
         if (!playerScripts->consoleCommand(consoleMode, command, selected))
             MWBase::Environment::get().getWindowManager()->printToConsole(
                 "No Lua handlers for console\n", MWBase::WindowManager::sConsoleColor_Error);
@@ -577,11 +564,11 @@ namespace MWLua
             mCallerTraceback = state->debugTraceback();
     }
 
-    void LuaManager::Action::safeApply(WorldView& w) const
+    void LuaManager::Action::safeApply() const
     {
         try
         {
-            apply(w);
+            apply();
         }
         catch (const std::exception& e)
         {
@@ -606,7 +593,7 @@ namespace MWLua
             {
             }
 
-            void apply(WorldView&) const override { mFn(); }
+            void apply() const override { mFn(); }
             std::string toString() const override { return "FunctionAction " + mName; }
 
         private:
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/luamanagerimp.hpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/luamanagerimp.hpp
index a4037593da..9d02d11a3d 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/luamanagerimp.hpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/luamanagerimp.hpp
@@ -47,8 +47,6 @@ namespace MWLua
         void gameLoaded() override;
         void objectAddedToScene(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr) override;
         void objectRemovedFromScene(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr) override;
-        void registerObject(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr) override;
-        void deregisterObject(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr) override;
         void inputEvent(const InputEvent& event) override { mInputEvents.push_back(event); }
         void itemConsumed(const MWWorld::Ptr& consumable, const MWWorld::Ptr& actor) override;
         void objectActivated(const MWWorld::Ptr& object, const MWWorld::Ptr& actor) override;
@@ -75,8 +73,8 @@ namespace MWLua
             Action(LuaUtil::LuaState* state);
             virtual ~Action() {}
 
-            void safeApply(WorldView&) const;
-            virtual void apply(WorldView&) const = 0;
+            void safeApply() const;
+            virtual void apply() const = 0;
             virtual std::string toString() const = 0;
 
         private:
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/nearbybindings.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/nearbybindings.cpp
index 10507e3746..f48c57b6db 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/nearbybindings.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/nearbybindings.cpp
@@ -45,11 +45,11 @@ namespace MWLua
                       return sol::nullopt;
               });
         rayResult["hitObject"]
-            = sol::readonly_property([worldView](const MWPhysics::RayCastingResult& r) -> sol::optional<LObject> {
+            = sol::readonly_property([](const MWPhysics::RayCastingResult& r) -> sol::optional<LObject> {
                   if (r.mHitObject.isEmpty())
                       return sol::nullopt;
                   else
-                      return LObject(getId(r.mHitObject), worldView->getObjectRegistry());
+                      return LObject(getId(r.mHitObject));
               });
 
         api["COLLISION_TYPE"]
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/object.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/object.cpp
index 0a069f35c7..446bf4443f 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/object.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/object.cpp
@@ -39,10 +39,11 @@ namespace MWLua
 
     bool Object::isValid() const
     {
-        if (mLastUpdate < mObjectRegistry->mUpdateCounter)
+        MWWorld::WorldModel& w = *MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel();
+        if (mLastUpdate < w.getPtrIndexUpdateCounter())
         {
-            updatePtr();
-            mLastUpdate = mObjectRegistry->mUpdateCounter;
+            mPtr = w.getPtr(mId);
+            mLastUpdate = w.getPtrIndexUpdateCounter();
         }
         return !mPtr.isEmpty();
     }
@@ -53,56 +54,4 @@ namespace MWLua
             throw std::runtime_error("Object is not available: " + idToString(mId));
         return mPtr;
     }
-
-    void ObjectRegistry::update()
-    {
-        if (mChanged)
-        {
-            mUpdateCounter++;
-            mChanged = false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    void ObjectRegistry::clear()
-    {
-        mObjectMapping.clear();
-        mChanged = false;
-        mUpdateCounter = 0;
-        mLastAssignedId.unset();
-    }
-
-    MWWorld::Ptr ObjectRegistry::getPtr(ObjectId id, bool local)
-    {
-        MWWorld::Ptr ptr;
-        auto it = mObjectMapping.find(id);
-        if (it != mObjectMapping.end())
-            ptr = it->second;
-        if (local)
-        {
-            // TODO: Return ptr only if it is active or was active in the previous frame, otherwise return empty.
-            //     Needed because in multiplayer inactive objects will not be synchronized, so an be out of date.
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            // TODO: If Ptr is empty then try to load the object from esp/esm3.
-        }
-        return ptr;
-    }
-
-    ObjectId ObjectRegistry::registerPtr(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr)
-    {
-        ObjectId id = ptr.getCellRef().getOrAssignRefNum(mLastAssignedId);
-        mChanged = true;
-        mObjectMapping[id] = ptr;
-        return id;
-    }
-
-    ObjectId ObjectRegistry::deregisterPtr(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr)
-    {
-        ObjectId id = getId(ptr);
-        mChanged = true;
-        mObjectMapping.erase(id);
-        return id;
-    }
-
 }
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/object.hpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/object.hpp
index cf715256a7..9c720c67ce 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/object.hpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/object.hpp
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
 
 #include <components/esm3/cellref.hpp>
 
+#include "../mwbase/environment.hpp"
 #include "../mwworld/ptr.hpp"
+#include "../mwworld/worldmodel.hpp"
 
 namespace MWLua
 {
@@ -23,46 +25,14 @@ namespace MWLua
     std::string ptrToString(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr);
     bool isMarker(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr);
 
-    // Holds a mapping ObjectId -> MWWord::Ptr.
-    class ObjectRegistry
-    {
-    public:
-        ObjectRegistry() { mLastAssignedId.unset(); }
-
-        void update(); // Should be called every frame.
-        void clear(); // Should be called before starting or loading a new game.
-
-        ObjectId registerPtr(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr);
-        ObjectId deregisterPtr(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr);
-
-        // Returns Ptr by id. If object is not found, returns empty Ptr.
-        // If local = true, returns non-empty ptr only if it can be used in local scripts
-        // (i.e. is active or was active in the previous frame).
-        MWWorld::Ptr getPtr(ObjectId id, bool local);
-
-        // Needed only for saving/loading.
-        const ObjectId& getLastAssignedId() const { return mLastAssignedId; }
-        void setLastAssignedId(ObjectId id) { mLastAssignedId = id; }
-
-    private:
-        friend class Object;
-        friend class LuaManager;
-
-        bool mChanged = false;
-        int64_t mUpdateCounter = 0;
-        std::map<ObjectId, MWWorld::Ptr> mObjectMapping;
-        ObjectId mLastAssignedId;
-    };
-
     // Lua scripts can't use MWWorld::Ptr directly, because lifetime of a script can be longer than lifetime of Ptr.
     // `GObject` and `LObject` are intended to be passed to Lua as a userdata.
     // It automatically updates the underlying Ptr when needed.
     class Object
     {
     public:
-        Object(ObjectId id, ObjectRegistry* reg)
+        Object(ObjectId id)
             : mId(id)
-            , mObjectRegistry(reg)
         {
         }
         virtual ~Object() {}
@@ -80,13 +50,10 @@ namespace MWLua
         virtual sol::object getCell(lua_State* lua, MWWorld::CellStore* store) const = 0; // returns LCell or GCell
 
     protected:
-        virtual void updatePtr() const = 0;
-
         const ObjectId mId;
-        ObjectRegistry* mObjectRegistry;
 
         mutable MWWorld::Ptr mPtr;
-        mutable int64_t mLastUpdate = -1;
+        mutable size_t mLastUpdate = 0;
     };
 
     // Used only in local scripts
@@ -97,11 +64,7 @@ namespace MWLua
     class LObject : public Object
     {
         using Object::Object;
-        void updatePtr() const final { mPtr = mObjectRegistry->getPtr(mId, true); }
-        sol::object getObject(lua_State* lua, ObjectId id) const final
-        {
-            return sol::make_object<LObject>(lua, id, mObjectRegistry);
-        }
+        sol::object getObject(lua_State* lua, ObjectId id) const final { return sol::make_object<LObject>(lua, id); }
         sol::object getCell(lua_State* lua, MWWorld::CellStore* store) const final
         {
             return sol::make_object(lua, LCell{ store });
@@ -116,11 +79,7 @@ namespace MWLua
     class GObject : public Object
     {
         using Object::Object;
-        void updatePtr() const final { mPtr = mObjectRegistry->getPtr(mId, false); }
-        sol::object getObject(lua_State* lua, ObjectId id) const final
-        {
-            return sol::make_object<GObject>(lua, id, mObjectRegistry);
-        }
+        sol::object getObject(lua_State* lua, ObjectId id) const final { return sol::make_object<GObject>(lua, id); }
         sol::object getCell(lua_State* lua, MWWorld::CellStore* store) const final
         {
             return sol::make_object(lua, GCell{ store });
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/objectbindings.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/objectbindings.cpp
index ba6c53e3d4..ab0e686e86 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/objectbindings.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/objectbindings.cpp
@@ -61,14 +61,12 @@ namespace MWLua
             {
             }
 
-            void apply(WorldView& worldView) const override
+            void apply() const override
             {
-                MWWorld::CellStore* cell = worldView.findCell(mCell, mPos);
-                if (!cell)
-                    throw std::runtime_error(std::string("cell not found: '") + mCell.getRefIdString() + "'");
-
+                MWWorld::WorldModel& wm = *MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel();
+                MWWorld::CellStore* cell = wm.getCellByPosition(mPos, mCell);
                 MWBase::World* world = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorld();
-                MWWorld::Ptr obj = worldView.getObjectRegistry()->getPtr(mObject, false);
+                MWWorld::Ptr obj = wm.getPtr(mObject);
                 const MWWorld::Class& cls = obj.getClass();
                 bool isPlayer = obj == world->getPlayerPtr();
                 if (cls.isActor())
@@ -111,12 +109,12 @@ namespace MWLua
             {
             }
 
-            void apply(WorldView& worldView) const override
+            void apply() const override
             {
-                MWWorld::Ptr object = worldView.getObjectRegistry()->getPtr(mObject, true);
+                MWWorld::Ptr object = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getPtr(mObject);
                 if (object.isEmpty())
                     throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Object not found: " + idToString(mObject)));
-                MWWorld::Ptr actor = worldView.getObjectRegistry()->getPtr(mActor, true);
+                MWWorld::Ptr actor = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getPtr(mActor);
                 if (actor.isEmpty())
                     throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Actor not found: " + idToString(mActor)));
 
@@ -147,14 +145,13 @@ namespace MWLua
         {
             using ListT = ObjectList<ObjectT>;
             sol::state_view& lua = context.mLua->sol();
-            ObjectRegistry* registry = context.mWorldView->getObjectRegistry();
             sol::usertype<ListT> listT = lua.new_usertype<ListT>(prefix + "ObjectList");
             listT[sol::meta_function::to_string]
                 = [](const ListT& list) { return "{" + std::to_string(list.mIds->size()) + " objects}"; };
             listT[sol::meta_function::length] = [](const ListT& list) { return list.mIds->size(); };
-            listT[sol::meta_function::index] = [registry](const ListT& list, size_t index) {
+            listT[sol::meta_function::index] = [](const ListT& list, size_t index) {
                 if (index > 0 && index <= list.mIds->size())
-                    return ObjectT((*list.mIds)[index - 1], registry);
+                    return ObjectT((*list.mIds)[index - 1]);
                 else
                     throw std::runtime_error("Index out of range");
             };
@@ -167,7 +164,7 @@ namespace MWLua
         {
             objectT["isValid"] = [](const ObjectT& o) { return o.isValid(); };
             objectT["recordId"] = sol::readonly_property(
-                [](const ObjectT& o) -> ESM::RefId { return o.ptr().getCellRef().getRefId(); });
+                [](const ObjectT& o) -> std::string { return o.ptr().getCellRef().getRefId().getRefIdString(); });
             objectT["cell"] = sol::readonly_property([](const ObjectT& o) -> sol::optional<Cell<ObjectT>> {
                 const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr = o.ptr();
                 if (ptr.isInCell())
@@ -265,7 +262,7 @@ namespace MWLua
             inventoryT[sol::meta_function::to_string]
                 = [](const InventoryT& inv) { return "Inventory[" + inv.mObj.toString() + "]"; };
 
-            inventoryT["getAll"] = [worldView = context.mWorldView, ids = getPackageToTypeTable(context.mLua->sol())](
+            inventoryT["getAll"] = [ids = getPackageToTypeTable(context.mLua->sol())](
                                        const InventoryT& inventory, sol::optional<sol::table> type) {
                 int mask = -1;
                 sol::optional<uint32_t> typeId = sol::nullopt;
@@ -329,16 +326,16 @@ namespace MWLua
                 while (it.getType() != -1)
                 {
                     const MWWorld::Ptr& item = *(it++);
-                    worldView->getObjectRegistry()->registerPtr(item);
+                    MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(item);
                     list->push_back(getId(item));
                 }
                 return ObjectList<ObjectT>{ list };
             };
 
-            inventoryT["countOf"] = [](const InventoryT& inventory, const ESM::RefId& recordId) {
+            inventoryT["countOf"] = [](const InventoryT& inventory, const std::string& recordId) {
                 const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr = inventory.mObj.ptr();
                 MWWorld::ContainerStore& store = ptr.getClass().getContainerStore(ptr);
-                return store.count(recordId);
+                return store.count(ESM::RefId::stringRefId(recordId));
             };
 
             if constexpr (std::is_same_v<ObjectT, GObject>)
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/postprocessingbindings.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/postprocessingbindings.cpp
index 96e4ac27d3..4d8212b749 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/postprocessingbindings.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/postprocessingbindings.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ namespace
         {
         }
 
-        void apply(MWLua::WorldView&) const override
+        void apply() const override
         {
             MWBase::Environment::get().getWorld()->getPostProcessor()->setUniform(mShader, mName, mValue);
         }
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/stats.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/stats.cpp
index 71e0aa8889..8740ae15ee 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/stats.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/stats.cpp
@@ -97,9 +97,9 @@ namespace MWLua
             {
             }
 
-            void apply(WorldView& worldView) const override
+            void apply() const override
             {
-                LObject obj(mId, worldView.getObjectRegistry());
+                LObject obj(mId);
                 LocalScripts* scripts = obj.ptr().getRefData().getLuaScripts();
                 if (scripts)
                     scripts->applyStatsCache();
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/types/actor.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/types/actor.cpp
index 395596dd3d..518863371d 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/types/actor.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/types/actor.cpp
@@ -29,20 +29,20 @@ namespace MWLua
             {
             }
 
-            void apply(WorldView& worldView) const override
+            void apply() const override
             {
-                MWWorld::Ptr actor = worldView.getObjectRegistry()->getPtr(mActor, false);
+                MWWorld::Ptr actor = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getPtr(mActor);
                 MWWorld::InventoryStore& store = actor.getClass().getInventoryStore(actor);
                 std::array<bool, MWWorld::InventoryStore::Slots> usedSlots;
                 std::fill(usedSlots.begin(), usedSlots.end(), false);
 
                 static constexpr int anySlot = -1;
-                auto tryEquipToSlot = [&actor, &store, &usedSlots, &worldView](int slot, const Item& item) -> bool {
+                auto tryEquipToSlot = [&actor, &store, &usedSlots](int slot, const Item& item) -> bool {
                     auto old_it = slot != anySlot ? store.getSlot(slot) : store.end();
                     MWWorld::Ptr itemPtr;
                     if (std::holds_alternative<ObjectId>(item))
                     {
-                        itemPtr = worldView.getObjectRegistry()->getPtr(std::get<ObjectId>(item), false);
+                        itemPtr = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getPtr(std::get<ObjectId>(item));
                         if (old_it != store.end() && *old_it == itemPtr)
                             return true; // already equipped
                         if (itemPtr.isEmpty() || itemPtr.getRefData().getCount() == 0
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ namespace MWLua
                 auto it = store.getSlot(slot);
                 if (it == store.end())
                     continue;
-                context.mWorldView->getObjectRegistry()->registerPtr(*it);
+                MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(*it);
                 equipment[slot] = o.getObject(context.mLua->sol(), getId(*it));
             }
             return equipment;
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ namespace MWLua
             auto it = store.getSlot(slot);
             if (it == store.end())
                 return sol::nil;
-            context.mWorldView->getObjectRegistry()->registerPtr(*it);
+            MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(*it);
             return o.getObject(context.mLua->sol(), getId(*it));
         };
         actor["equipment"] = sol::overload(getAllEquipment, getEquipmentFromSlot);
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/types/door.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/types/door.cpp
index 924b0ef1db..d44c604822 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/types/door.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/types/door.cpp
@@ -32,15 +32,14 @@ namespace MWLua
             = [](const Object& o) -> osg::Vec3f { return doorPtr(o).getCellRef().getDoorDest().asVec3(); };
         door["destRotation"]
             = [](const Object& o) -> osg::Vec3f { return doorPtr(o).getCellRef().getDoorDest().asRotationVec3(); };
-        door["destCell"] = [worldView = context.mWorldView](sol::this_state lua, const Object& o) -> sol::object {
+        door["destCell"] = [](sol::this_state lua, const Object& o) -> sol::object {
             const MWWorld::CellRef& cellRef = doorPtr(o).getCellRef();
             if (!cellRef.getTeleport())
                 return sol::nil;
-            MWWorld::CellStore* cell = worldView->findCell(cellRef.getDestCell(), cellRef.getDoorDest().asVec3());
-            if (cell)
-                return o.getCell(lua, cell);
-            else
-                return sol::nil;
+            MWWorld::CellStore* cell = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getCellByPosition(
+                cellRef.getDoorDest().asVec3(), cellRef.getDestCell());
+            assert(cell);
+            return o.getCell(lua, cell);
         };
 
         auto vfs = MWBase::Environment::get().getResourceSystem()->getVFS();
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/uibindings.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/uibindings.cpp
index fdc58554fe..ccce8b5b35 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/uibindings.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/uibindings.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ namespace MWLua
             {
             }
 
-            void apply(WorldView&) const override
+            void apply() const override
             {
                 try
                 {
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/userdataserializer.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/userdataserializer.cpp
index 38d29a42ef..b7ee0a2eda 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/userdataserializer.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/userdataserializer.cpp
@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ namespace MWLua
     class Serializer final : public LuaUtil::UserdataSerializer
     {
     public:
-        explicit Serializer(bool localSerializer, ObjectRegistry* registry, std::map<int, int>* contentFileMapping)
+        explicit Serializer(bool localSerializer, std::map<int, int>* contentFileMapping)
             : mLocalSerializer(localSerializer)
-            , mObjectRegistry(registry)
             , mContentFileMapping(contentFileMapping)
         {
         }
@@ -44,23 +43,22 @@ namespace MWLua
                         id.mContentFile = iter->second;
                 }
                 if (mLocalSerializer)
-                    sol::stack::push<LObject>(lua, LObject(id, mObjectRegistry));
+                    sol::stack::push<LObject>(lua, LObject(id));
                 else
-                    sol::stack::push<GObject>(lua, GObject(id, mObjectRegistry));
+                    sol::stack::push<GObject>(lua, GObject(id));
                 return true;
             }
             return false;
         }
 
         bool mLocalSerializer;
-        ObjectRegistry* mObjectRegistry;
         std::map<int, int>* mContentFileMapping;
     };
 
     std::unique_ptr<LuaUtil::UserdataSerializer> createUserdataSerializer(
-        bool local, ObjectRegistry* registry, std::map<int, int>* contentFileMapping)
+        bool local, std::map<int, int>* contentFileMapping)
     {
-        return std::make_unique<Serializer>(local, registry, contentFileMapping);
+        return std::make_unique<Serializer>(local, contentFileMapping);
     }
 
 }
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/userdataserializer.hpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/userdataserializer.hpp
index 70af7ebd06..f52bb22723 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/userdataserializer.hpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/userdataserializer.hpp
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ namespace MWLua
     // contentFileMapping is used only for deserialization. Needed to fix references if the order
     // of content files was changed.
     std::unique_ptr<LuaUtil::UserdataSerializer> createUserdataSerializer(
-        bool local, ObjectRegistry* registry, std::map<int, int>* contentFileMapping = nullptr);
+        bool local, std::map<int, int>* contentFileMapping = nullptr);
 }
 
 #endif // MWLUA_USERDATASERIALIZER_H
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/worldview.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/worldview.cpp
index 16dbbb7359..cc1d381531 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/worldview.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/worldview.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ namespace MWLua
 
     void WorldView::update()
     {
-        mObjectRegistry.update();
         mActivatorsInScene.updateList();
         mActorsInScene.updateList();
         mContainersInScene.updateList();
@@ -29,7 +28,6 @@ namespace MWLua
 
     void WorldView::clear()
     {
-        mObjectRegistry.clear();
         mActivatorsInScene.clear();
         mActorsInScene.clear();
         mContainersInScene.clear();
@@ -59,7 +57,7 @@ namespace MWLua
 
     void WorldView::objectAddedToScene(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr)
     {
-        mObjectRegistry.registerPtr(ptr);
+        MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(ptr);
         ObjectGroup* group = chooseGroup(ptr);
         if (group)
             addToGroup(*group, ptr);
@@ -84,13 +82,13 @@ namespace MWLua
         esm.getHNT(mSimulationTime, "LUAW");
         ObjectId lastAssignedId;
         lastAssignedId.load(esm, true);
-        mObjectRegistry.setLastAssignedId(lastAssignedId);
+        MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->setLastGeneratedRefNum(lastAssignedId);
     }
 
     void WorldView::save(ESM::ESMWriter& esm) const
     {
         esm.writeHNT("LUAW", mSimulationTime);
-        mObjectRegistry.getLastAssignedId().save(esm, true);
+        MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getLastGeneratedRefNum().save(esm, true);
     }
 
     void WorldView::ObjectGroup::updateList()
@@ -122,35 +120,4 @@ namespace MWLua
         group.mSet.erase(getId(ptr));
         group.mChanged = true;
     }
-
-    // TODO: If Lua scripts will use several threads at the same time, then `find*Cell` functions should have critical
-    // sections.
-    MWWorld::CellStore* WorldView::findCell(const ESM::RefId& name, osg::Vec3f position)
-    {
-        MWWorld::WorldModel* worldModel = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel();
-        bool exterior = name.empty() || MWBase::Environment::get().getWorld()->getExterior(name);
-        if (exterior)
-        {
-            const osg::Vec2i cellIndex = MWWorld::positionToCellIndex(position.x(), position.y());
-            return worldModel->getExterior(cellIndex.x(), cellIndex.y());
-        }
-        else
-            return worldModel->getInterior(name);
-    }
-
-    MWWorld::CellStore* WorldView::findNamedCell(const ESM::RefId& name)
-    {
-        MWWorld::WorldModel* worldModel = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel();
-        const ESM::Cell* esmCell = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorld()->getExterior(name);
-        if (esmCell)
-            return worldModel->getExterior(esmCell->getGridX(), esmCell->getGridY());
-        else
-            return worldModel->getInterior(name);
-    }
-
-    MWWorld::CellStore* WorldView::findExteriorCell(int x, int y)
-    {
-        return MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getExterior(x, y);
-    }
-
 }
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwlua/worldview.hpp b/apps/openmw/mwlua/worldview.hpp
index 56136d3ee7..b0c09ed475 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwlua/worldview.hpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwlua/worldview.hpp
@@ -17,7 +17,11 @@ namespace ESM
 namespace MWLua
 {
 
-    // Tracks all used game objects.
+    // WorldView is a kind of an extension to mwworld. It was created on initial stage of
+    // OpenMW Lua development in order to minimize the risk of merge conflicts.
+    // TODO: Move get*InScene functions to mwworld/scene
+    // TODO: Move time-related stuff to mwworld; maybe create a new class TimeManager.
+    // TODO: Remove WorldView.
     class WorldView
     {
     public:
@@ -43,21 +47,9 @@ namespace MWLua
         ObjectIdList getDoorsInScene() const { return mDoorsInScene.mList; }
         ObjectIdList getItemsInScene() const { return mItemsInScene.mList; }
 
-        ObjectRegistry* getObjectRegistry() { return &mObjectRegistry; }
-
-        void objectUnloaded(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr) { mObjectRegistry.deregisterPtr(ptr); }
-
         void objectAddedToScene(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr);
         void objectRemovedFromScene(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr);
 
-        // Returns list of objects that meets the `query` criteria.
-        // If onlyActive = true, then search only among the objects that are currently in the scene.
-        // TODO: ObjectIdList selectObjects(const Queries::Query& query, bool onlyActive);
-
-        MWWorld::CellStore* findCell(const ESM::RefId& name, osg::Vec3f position);
-        MWWorld::CellStore* findNamedCell(const ESM::RefId& name);
-        MWWorld::CellStore* findExteriorCell(int x, int y);
-
         void load(ESM::ESMReader& esm);
         void save(ESM::ESMWriter& esm) const;
 
@@ -79,7 +71,6 @@ namespace MWLua
         void addToGroup(ObjectGroup& group, const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr);
         void removeFromGroup(ObjectGroup& group, const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr);
 
-        ObjectRegistry mObjectRegistry;
         ObjectGroup mActivatorsInScene;
         ObjectGroup mActorsInScene;
         ObjectGroup mContainersInScene;
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwrender/localmap.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwrender/localmap.cpp
index 1da98c483c..f9c7e02e44 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwrender/localmap.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwrender/localmap.cpp
@@ -281,6 +281,19 @@ namespace MWRender
         }
     }
 
+    static osg::Vec2f getNorthVector(const MWWorld::CellStore* cell)
+    {
+        MWWorld::ConstPtr northmarker = cell->searchConst(ESM::RefId::stringRefId("northmarker"));
+
+        if (northmarker.isEmpty())
+            return osg::Vec2f(0, 1);
+
+        osg::Quat orient(-northmarker.getRefData().getPosition().rot[2], osg::Vec3f(0, 0, 1));
+        osg::Vec3f dir = orient * osg::Vec3f(0, 1, 0);
+        osg::Vec2f d(dir.x(), dir.y());
+        return d;
+    }
+
     void LocalMap::requestInteriorMap(const MWWorld::CellStore* cell)
     {
         osg::ComputeBoundsVisitor computeBoundsVisitor;
@@ -299,7 +312,7 @@ namespace MWRender
         mBounds = bounds;
 
         // Get the cell's NorthMarker rotation. This is used to rotate the entire map.
-        osg::Vec2f north = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorld()->getNorthVector(cell);
+        osg::Vec2f north = getNorthVector(cell);
 
         mAngle = std::atan2(north.x(), north.y());
 
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwscript/transformationextensions.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwscript/transformationextensions.cpp
index 348ff2340b..f5ba056338 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwscript/transformationextensions.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwscript/transformationextensions.cpp
@@ -399,24 +399,20 @@ namespace MWScript
                 MWWorld::CellStore* store = nullptr;
                 try
                 {
-                    store = worldModel->getInterior(cellID);
+                    store = worldModel->getCell(cellID);
                 }
                 catch (std::exception&)
                 {
                     // cell not found, move to exterior instead if moving the player (vanilla PositionCell
                     // compatibility)
-                    const ESM::Cell* cell = world->getExterior(cellID);
-                    if (!cell)
-                    {
-                        std::string error
-                            = "Warning: PositionCell: unknown interior cell (" + cellID.getRefIdString() + ")";
-                        if (isPlayer)
-                            error += ", moving to exterior instead";
-                        runtime.getContext().report(error);
-                        Log(Debug::Warning) << error;
-                        if (!isPlayer)
-                            return;
-                    }
+                    std::string error
+                        = "Warning: PositionCell: unknown interior cell (" + cellID.getRefIdString() + ")";
+                    if (isPlayer)
+                        error += ", moving to exterior instead";
+                    runtime.getContext().report(error);
+                    Log(Debug::Warning) << error;
+                    if (!isPlayer)
+                        return;
                     const osg::Vec2i cellIndex = MWWorld::positionToCellIndex(x, y);
                     store = worldModel->getExterior(cellIndex.x(), cellIndex.y());
                 }
@@ -519,18 +515,12 @@ namespace MWScript
                 MWWorld::CellStore* store = nullptr;
                 try
                 {
-                    store = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getInterior(cellID);
+                    store = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getCell(cellID);
                 }
                 catch (std::exception&)
                 {
-                    const ESM::Cell* cell = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorld()->getExterior(cellID);
-                    const osg::Vec2i cellIndex = MWWorld::positionToCellIndex(x, y);
-                    store = MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->getExterior(cellIndex.x(), cellIndex.y());
-                    if (!cell)
-                    {
-                        runtime.getContext().report("unknown cell (" + cellID.getRefIdString() + ")");
-                        Log(Debug::Error) << "Error: unknown cell (" << cellID << ")";
-                    }
+                    runtime.getContext().report("unknown cell (" + cellID.getRefIdString() + ")");
+                    Log(Debug::Error) << "Error: unknown cell (" << cellID << ")";
                 }
                 if (store)
                 {
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwworld/cellstore.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwworld/cellstore.cpp
index 2f4e4107d8..2fddf72975 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwworld/cellstore.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwworld/cellstore.cpp
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@
 #include "containerstore.hpp"
 #include "esmstore.hpp"
 #include "ptr.hpp"
+#include "worldmodel.hpp"
 
 namespace
 {
@@ -266,7 +267,7 @@ namespace
                         MWBase::Environment::get().getWorld()->disable(MWWorld::Ptr(&*iter, cellstore));
                     }
                     else
-                        MWBase::Environment::get().getLuaManager()->registerObject(MWWorld::Ptr(&*iter, cellstore));
+                        MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(MWWorld::Ptr(&*iter, cellstore));
                     return;
                 }
 
@@ -281,7 +282,7 @@ namespace
         collection.mList.push_back(ref);
 
         MWWorld::LiveCellRefBase* base = &collection.mList.back();
-        MWBase::Environment::get().getLuaManager()->registerObject(MWWorld::Ptr(base, cellstore));
+        MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(MWWorld::Ptr(base, cellstore));
     }
 
     // this function allows us to link a CellRefList<T> to the associated recNameInt, and apply a function
@@ -416,7 +417,7 @@ namespace MWWorld
         if (searchViaRefNum(object.getCellRef().getRefNum()).isEmpty())
             throw std::runtime_error("moveTo: object is not in this cell");
 
-        MWBase::Environment::get().getLuaManager()->registerObject(MWWorld::Ptr(object.getBase(), cellToMoveTo));
+        MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(MWWorld::Ptr(object.getBase(), cellToMoveTo));
 
         MovedRefTracker::iterator found = mMovedHere.find(object.getBase());
         if (found != mMovedHere.end())
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldimp.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldimp.cpp
index 328610bc40..e666821579 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldimp.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldimp.cpp
@@ -317,6 +317,7 @@ namespace MWWorld
         mLocalScripts.clear();
 
         mWorldScene->clear();
+        mWorldModel.clear();
 
         mStore.clearDynamic();
 
@@ -328,8 +329,6 @@ namespace MWWorld
             mPlayer->set(mStore.get<ESM::NPC>().find(ESM::RefId::stringRefId("Player")));
         }
 
-        mWorldModel.clear();
-
         mDoorStates.clear();
 
         mGoToJail = false;
@@ -565,34 +564,6 @@ namespace MWWorld
         mRandomSeed = seed;
     }
 
-    const ESM::Cell* World::getExterior(const ESM::RefId& cellName) const
-    {
-        // first try named cells
-        const ESM::Cell* cell = mStore.get<ESM::Cell>().searchExtByName(cellName);
-        if (cell)
-            return cell;
-        // treat "Wilderness" like an empty string
-        static const ESM::RefId defaultName
-            = ESM::RefId::stringRefId(mStore.get<ESM::GameSetting>().find("sDefaultCellname")->mValue.getString());
-        if (cellName == defaultName)
-        {
-            cell = mStore.get<ESM::Cell>().searchExtByName(ESM::RefId::sEmpty);
-            if (cell)
-                return cell;
-        }
-
-        // didn't work -> now check for regions
-        for (const ESM::Region& region : mStore.get<ESM::Region>())
-        {
-            if (cellName == ESM::RefId::stringRefId(region.mName))
-            {
-                return mStore.get<ESM::Cell>().searchExtByRegion(region.mId);
-            }
-        }
-
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-
     void World::useDeathCamera()
     {
         mRendering->getCamera()->setMode(MWRender::Camera::Mode::ThirdPerson);
@@ -816,7 +787,7 @@ namespace MWWorld
 
     void World::enable(const Ptr& reference)
     {
-        MWBase::Environment::get().getLuaManager()->registerObject(reference);
+        MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->registerPtr(reference);
 
         if (!reference.isInCell())
             return;
@@ -868,7 +839,7 @@ namespace MWWorld
         if (reference == getPlayerPtr())
             throw std::runtime_error("can not disable player object");
 
-        MWBase::Environment::get().getLuaManager()->deregisterObject(reference);
+        MWBase::Environment::get().getWorldModel()->deregisterPtr(reference);
         reference.getRefData().disable();
 
         if (reference.getCellRef().getRefNum().hasContentFile())
@@ -2051,19 +2022,6 @@ namespace MWWorld
         mWeatherManager->modRegion(regionid, chances);
     }
 
-    osg::Vec2f World::getNorthVector(const CellStore* cell)
-    {
-        MWWorld::ConstPtr northmarker = cell->searchConst(ESM::RefId::stringRefId("northmarker"));
-
-        if (northmarker.isEmpty())
-            return osg::Vec2f(0, 1);
-
-        osg::Quat orient(-northmarker.getRefData().getPosition().rot[2], osg::Vec3f(0, 0, 1));
-        osg::Vec3f dir = orient * osg::Vec3f(0, 1, 0);
-        osg::Vec2f d(dir.x(), dir.y());
-        return d;
-    }
-
     struct GetDoorMarkerVisitor
     {
         std::vector<World::DoorMarker>& mOut;
@@ -2860,7 +2818,17 @@ namespace MWWorld
     {
         pos.rot[0] = pos.rot[1] = pos.rot[2] = 0;
         const std::string& name = nameId.getRefIdString();
-        const ESM::Cell* ext = getExterior(nameId);
+
+        const ESM::Cell* ext = nullptr;
+        try
+        {
+            ext = mWorldModel.getCell(nameId)->getCell();
+            if (!ext->isExterior())
+                return false;
+        }
+        catch (std::exception&)
+        {
+        }
         if (!ext)
         {
             size_t comma = name.find(',');
@@ -3402,7 +3370,7 @@ namespace MWWorld
 
     void World::rest(double hours)
     {
-        mWorldModel.rest(hours);
+        mWorldModel.forEachLoadedCellStore([hours](CellStore& store) { store.rest(hours); });
     }
 
     void World::rechargeItems(double duration, bool activeOnly)
@@ -3418,7 +3386,7 @@ namespace MWWorld
             }
         }
         else
-            mWorldModel.recharge(duration);
+            mWorldModel.forEachLoadedCellStore([duration](CellStore& store) { store.recharge(duration); });
     }
 
     void World::teleportToClosestMarker(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr, const ESM::RefId& id)
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldimp.hpp b/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldimp.hpp
index 3a1759e595..1aaefe20c7 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldimp.hpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldimp.hpp
@@ -246,9 +246,6 @@ namespace MWWorld
 
         bool isCellQuasiExterior() const override;
 
-        osg::Vec2f getNorthVector(const CellStore* cell) override;
-        ///< get north vector for given interior cell
-
         void getDoorMarkers(MWWorld::CellStore* cell, std::vector<DoorMarker>& out) override;
         ///< get a list of teleport door markers for a given cell, to be displayed on the local map
 
@@ -358,9 +355,6 @@ namespace MWWorld
             bool changeEvent = true) override;
         ///< @param changeEvent If false, do not trigger cell change flag or detect worldspace changes
 
-        const ESM::Cell* getExterior(const ESM::RefId& cellName) const override;
-        ///< Return a cell matching the given name or a 0-pointer, if there is no such cell.
-
         MWWorld::Ptr getFacedObject() override;
         ///< Return pointer to the object the player is looking at, if it is within activation range
 
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldmodel.cpp b/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldmodel.cpp
index 85ab83cda3..76e71e20e0 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldmodel.cpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldmodel.cpp
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <components/esm3/cellstate.hpp>
 #include <components/esm3/esmreader.hpp>
 #include <components/esm3/esmwriter.hpp>
+#include <components/esm3/loadregn.hpp>
 #include <components/loadinglistener/loadinglistener.hpp>
 #include <components/settings/settings.hpp>
 
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 #include "../mwbase/world.hpp"
 
 #include "cellstore.hpp"
+#include "cellutils.hpp"
 #include "esmstore.hpp"
 
 namespace
@@ -85,12 +87,36 @@ MWWorld::CellStore* MWWorld::WorldModel::getCellStore(const ESM::Cell* cell)
 
 void MWWorld::WorldModel::clear()
 {
+    mPtrIndex.clear();
+    mPtrIndexUpdateCounter = 0;
+    mLastGeneratedRefnum.unset();
     mInteriors.clear();
     mExteriors.clear();
     std::fill(mIdCache.begin(), mIdCache.end(), std::make_pair(ESM::RefId::sEmpty, (MWWorld::CellStore*)nullptr));
     mIdCacheIndex = 0;
 }
 
+void MWWorld::WorldModel::registerPtr(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr)
+{
+    mPtrIndex[ptr.getCellRef().getOrAssignRefNum(mLastGeneratedRefnum)] = ptr;
+    mPtrIndexUpdateCounter++;
+}
+
+void MWWorld::WorldModel::deregisterPtr(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr)
+{
+    mPtrIndex.erase(ptr.getCellRef().getRefNum());
+    mPtrIndexUpdateCounter++;
+}
+
+MWWorld::Ptr MWWorld::WorldModel::getPtr(const ESM::RefNum& refNum) const
+{
+    auto it = mPtrIndex.find(refNum);
+    if (it != mPtrIndex.end())
+        return it->second;
+    else
+        return MWWorld::Ptr();
+}
+
 MWWorld::Ptr MWWorld::WorldModel::getPtrAndCache(const ESM::RefId& name, CellStore& cellStore)
 {
     Ptr ptr = getPtr(name, cellStore);
@@ -188,32 +214,6 @@ MWWorld::CellStore* MWWorld::WorldModel::getInterior(const ESM::RefId& name)
     return &result->second;
 }
 
-void MWWorld::WorldModel::rest(double hours)
-{
-    for (auto& interior : mInteriors)
-    {
-        interior.second.rest(hours);
-    }
-
-    for (auto& exterior : mExteriors)
-    {
-        exterior.second.rest(hours);
-    }
-}
-
-void MWWorld::WorldModel::recharge(float duration)
-{
-    for (auto& interior : mInteriors)
-    {
-        interior.second.recharge(duration);
-    }
-
-    for (auto& exterior : mExteriors)
-    {
-        exterior.second.recharge(duration);
-    }
-}
-
 MWWorld::CellStore* MWWorld::WorldModel::getCell(const ESM::CellId& id)
 {
     if (id.mPaged)
@@ -222,6 +222,57 @@ MWWorld::CellStore* MWWorld::WorldModel::getCell(const ESM::CellId& id)
     return getInterior(id.mWorldspace);
 }
 
+const ESM::Cell* MWWorld::WorldModel::getESMCellByName(const ESM::RefId& name)
+{
+    const ESM::Cell* cell = mStore.get<ESM::Cell>().search(name); // first try interiors
+    if (!cell) // try named exteriors
+        cell = mStore.get<ESM::Cell>().searchExtByName(name);
+    if (!cell)
+    {
+        // treat "Wilderness" like an empty string
+        static const ESM::RefId defaultName
+            = ESM::RefId::stringRefId(mStore.get<ESM::GameSetting>().find("sDefaultCellname")->mValue.getString());
+        if (name == defaultName)
+            cell = mStore.get<ESM::Cell>().searchExtByName(ESM::RefId::sEmpty);
+    }
+    if (!cell)
+    {
+        // now check for regions
+        for (const ESM::Region& region : mStore.get<ESM::Region>())
+        {
+            if (name == ESM::RefId::stringRefId(region.mName))
+            {
+                cell = mStore.get<ESM::Cell>().searchExtByRegion(region.mId);
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if (!cell)
+        throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Can't find cell with name ") + name.getRefIdString());
+    return cell;
+}
+
+MWWorld::CellStore* MWWorld::WorldModel::getCell(const ESM::RefId& name)
+{
+    const ESM::Cell* cell = getESMCellByName(name);
+    if (cell->isExterior())
+        return getExterior(cell->getGridX(), cell->getGridY());
+    else
+        return getInterior(name);
+}
+
+MWWorld::CellStore* MWWorld::WorldModel::getCellByPosition(
+    const osg::Vec3f& pos, const ESM::RefId& cellNameInSameWorldSpace)
+{
+    if (cellNameInSameWorldSpace.empty() || getESMCellByName(cellNameInSameWorldSpace)->isExterior())
+    {
+        const osg::Vec2i cellIndex = positionToCellIndex(pos.x(), pos.y());
+        return getExterior(cellIndex.x(), cellIndex.y());
+    }
+    else
+        return getInterior(cellNameInSameWorldSpace);
+}
+
 MWWorld::Ptr MWWorld::WorldModel::getPtr(const ESM::RefId& name, CellStore& cell, bool searchInContainers)
 {
     if (cell.getState() == CellStore::State_Unloaded)
diff --git a/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldmodel.hpp b/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldmodel.hpp
index 2ec569ce90..204302667a 100644
--- a/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldmodel.hpp
+++ b/apps/openmw/mwworld/worldmodel.hpp
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 #include <list>
 #include <map>
 #include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
 
+#include "cellstore.hpp"
 #include "ptr.hpp"
 
 namespace ESM
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ namespace MWWorld
         WorldModel(const WorldModel&);
         WorldModel& operator=(const WorldModel&);
 
+        const ESM::Cell* getESMCellByName(const ESM::RefId& name);
         CellStore* getCellStore(const ESM::Cell* cell);
 
         Ptr getPtrAndCache(const ESM::RefId& name, CellStore& cellStore);
@@ -48,17 +51,34 @@ namespace MWWorld
 
         void writeCell(ESM::ESMWriter& writer, CellStore& cell) const;
 
+        std::unordered_map<ESM::RefNum, Ptr> mPtrIndex;
+        size_t mPtrIndexUpdateCounter;
+        ESM::RefNum mLastGeneratedRefnum;
+
     public:
         void clear();
 
         explicit WorldModel(const MWWorld::ESMStore& store, ESM::ReadersCache& reader);
 
         CellStore* getExterior(int x, int y);
-
         CellStore* getInterior(const ESM::RefId& name);
-
+        CellStore* getCell(const ESM::RefId& name); // interior or named exterior
         CellStore* getCell(const ESM::CellId& id);
 
+        // If cellNameInSameWorldSpace is an interior - returns this interior.
+        // Otherwise returns exterior cell for given position in the same world space.
+        // At the moment multiple world spaces are not supported, so all exteriors are in one world space.
+        CellStore* getCellByPosition(const osg::Vec3f& pos, const ESM::RefId& cellNameInSameWorldSpace);
+
+        void registerPtr(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr);
+        void deregisterPtr(const MWWorld::Ptr& ptr);
+        ESM::RefNum getLastGeneratedRefNum() const { return mLastGeneratedRefnum; }
+        void setLastGeneratedRefNum(ESM::RefNum v) { mLastGeneratedRefnum = v; }
+        size_t getPtrIndexUpdateCounter() const { return mPtrIndexUpdateCounter; }
+        const std::unordered_map<ESM::RefNum, Ptr>& getAllPtrs() const { return mPtrIndex; }
+
+        Ptr getPtr(const ESM::RefNum& refNum) const;
+
         Ptr getPtr(const ESM::RefId& name, CellStore& cellStore, bool searchInContainers = false);
         ///< \param searchInContainers Only affect loaded cells.
         /// @note name must be lower case
@@ -68,8 +88,14 @@ namespace MWWorld
 
         Ptr getPtr(const ESM::RefId& id, const ESM::RefNum& refNum);
 
-        void rest(double hours);
-        void recharge(float duration);
+        template <typename Fn>
+        void forEachLoadedCellStore(Fn&& fn)
+        {
+            for (auto& [_, store] : mInteriors)
+                fn(store);
+            for (auto& [_, store] : mExteriors)
+                fn(store);
+        }
 
         /// Get all Ptrs referencing \a name in exterior cells
         /// @note Due to the current implementation of getPtr this only supports one Ptr per cell.
diff --git a/components/esm3/cellref.hpp b/components/esm3/cellref.hpp
index b1b3ebed31..b54d96203e 100644
--- a/components/esm3/cellref.hpp
+++ b/components/esm3/cellref.hpp
@@ -135,4 +135,22 @@ namespace ESM
 
 }
 
+namespace std
+{
+
+    // Needed to use ESM::RefNum as a key in std::unordered_map
+    template <>
+    struct hash<ESM::RefNum>
+    {
+        size_t operator()(const ESM::RefNum& refNum) const
+        {
+            assert(sizeof(ESM::RefNum) == sizeof(size_t));
+            size_t s;
+            memcpy(&s, &refNum, sizeof(size_t));
+            return hash<size_t>()(s);
+        }
+    };
+
+}
+
 #endif