[Master] Backport SimpleWeb

apps/master/SimpleWeb/LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+The MIT License (MIT)
+
+Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Ole Christian Eidheim
+
+Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+
+The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+
+THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+SOFTWARE.

apps/master/SimpleWeb/base_server.hpp

@@ -1,72 +1,137 @@
-#ifndef BASE_SERVER_HPP
-#define BASE_SERVER_HPP
+#pragma once
 
-#include <boost/asio.hpp>
-#include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>
-#include <boost/functional/hash.hpp>
-
-#include <map>
-#include <unordered_map>
-#include <thread>
+#include "utility.hpp"
+#include <condition_variable>
 #include <functional>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <map>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <thread>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <regex>
 
-#ifndef CASE_INSENSITIVE_EQUALS_AND_HASH
-#define CASE_INSENSITIVE_EQUALS_AND_HASH
-
-//Based on http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_60_0/doc/html/unordered/hash_equality.html
-struct case_insensitive_equals
-{
-    bool operator()(const std::string &key1, const std::string &key2) const
-    {
-        return boost::algorithm::iequals(key1, key2);
-    }
-};
-
-struct case_insensitive_hash
-{
-    size_t operator()(const std::string &key) const
-    {
-        std::size_t seed = 0;
-        for (auto &c: key)
-            boost::hash_combine(seed, std::tolower(c));
-        return seed;
-    }
-};
-
+#ifdef USE_STANDALONE_ASIO
+#include <asio.hpp>
+#include <asio/steady_timer.hpp>
+namespace SimpleWeb {
+  using error_code = std::error_code;
+  using errc = std::errc;
+  namespace make_error_code = std;
+} // namespace SimpleWeb
+#else
+#include <boost/asio.hpp>
+#include <boost/asio/steady_timer.hpp>
+namespace SimpleWeb {
+    namespace asio = boost::asio;
+    using error_code = boost::system::error_code;
+    namespace errc = boost::system::errc;
+    namespace make_error_code = boost::system::errc;
+} // namespace SimpleWeb
 #endif
 
-namespace SimpleWeb
-{
+namespace SimpleWeb {
     template <class socket_type>
     class Server;
 
     template <class socket_type>
-    class ServerBase
-    {
-    public:
-        virtual ~ServerBase()
-        {}
+    class ServerBase {
+    protected:
+        class Session;
 
-        class Response : public std::ostream
-        {
+    public:
+        class Response : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Response>, public std::ostream {
             friend class ServerBase<socket_type>;
+            friend class Server<socket_type>;
 
-            boost::asio::streambuf streambuf;
+            asio::streambuf streambuf;
 
-            std::shared_ptr<socket_type> socket;
+            std::shared_ptr<Session> session;
+            long timeout_content;
 
-            Response(const std::shared_ptr<socket_type> &socket) : std::ostream(&streambuf), socket(socket)
-            {}
+            Response(std::shared_ptr<Session> session, long timeout_content) noexcept : std::ostream(&streambuf), session(std::move(session)), timeout_content(timeout_content) {}
+
+            template <typename size_type>
+            void write_header(const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header, size_type size) {
+                bool content_length_written = false;
+                bool chunked_transfer_encoding = false;
+                for(auto &field : header) {
+                    if(!content_length_written && case_insensitive_equal(field.first, "content-length"))
+                        content_length_written = true;
+                    else if(!chunked_transfer_encoding && case_insensitive_equal(field.first, "transfer-encoding") && case_insensitive_equal(field.second, "chunked"))
+                        chunked_transfer_encoding = true;
+
+                    *this << field.first << ": " << field.second << "\r\n";
+                }
+                if(!content_length_written && !chunked_transfer_encoding && !close_connection_after_response)
+                    *this << "Content-Length: " << size << "\r\n\r\n";
+                else
+                    *this << "\r\n";
+            }
 
         public:
-            size_t size()
-            {
+            size_t size() noexcept {
                 return streambuf.size();
             }
 
+            /// Use this function if you need to recursively send parts of a longer message
+            void send(const std::function<void(const error_code &)> &callback = nullptr) noexcept {
+                session->connection->set_timeout(timeout_content);
+                auto self = this->shared_from_this(); // Keep Response instance alive through the following async_write
+                asio::async_write(*session->connection->socket, streambuf, [self, callback](const error_code &ec, size_t /*bytes_transferred*/) {
+                    self->session->connection->cancel_timeout();
+                    auto lock = self->session->connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
+                    if(!lock)
+                        return;
+                    if(callback)
+                        callback(ec);
+                });
+            }
+
+            /// Write directly to stream buffer using std::ostream::write
+            void write(const char_type *ptr, std::streamsize n) {
+                std::ostream::write(ptr, n);
+            }
+
+            /// Convenience function for writing status line, potential header fields, and empty content
+            void write(StatusCode status_code = StatusCode::success_ok, const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header = CaseInsensitiveMultimap()) {
+                *this << "HTTP/1.1 " << SimpleWeb::status_code(status_code) << "\r\n";
+                write_header(header, 0);
+            }
+
+            /// Convenience function for writing status line, header fields, and content
+            void write(StatusCode status_code, const std::string &content, const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header = CaseInsensitiveMultimap()) {
+                *this << "HTTP/1.1 " << SimpleWeb::status_code(status_code) << "\r\n";
+                write_header(header, content.size());
+                if(!content.empty())
+                    *this << content;
+            }
+
+            /// Convenience function for writing status line, header fields, and content
+            void write(StatusCode status_code, std::istream &content, const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header = CaseInsensitiveMultimap()) {
+                *this << "HTTP/1.1 " << SimpleWeb::status_code(status_code) << "\r\n";
+                content.seekg(0, std::ios::end);
+                auto size = content.tellg();
+                content.seekg(0, std::ios::beg);
+                write_header(header, size);
+                if(size)
+                    *this << content.rdbuf();
+            }
+
+            /// Convenience function for writing success status line, header fields, and content
+            void write(const std::string &content, const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header = CaseInsensitiveMultimap()) {
+                write(StatusCode::success_ok, content, header);
+            }
+
+            /// Convenience function for writing success status line, header fields, and content
+            void write(std::istream &content, const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header = CaseInsensitiveMultimap()) {
+                write(StatusCode::success_ok, content, header);
+            }
+
+            /// Convenience function for writing success status line, and header fields
+            void write(const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header) {
+                write(StatusCode::success_ok, std::string(), header);
+            }
+
             /// If true, force server to close the connection after the response have been sent.
             ///
             /// This is useful when implementing a HTTP/1.0-server sending content
@@ -74,157 +139,198 @@ namespace SimpleWeb
             bool close_connection_after_response = false;
         };
 
-        class Content : public std::istream
-        {
+        class Content : public std::istream {
             friend class ServerBase<socket_type>;
 
         public:
-            size_t size()
-            {
+            size_t size() noexcept {
                 return streambuf.size();
             }
-
-            std::string string()
-            {
+            /// Convenience function to return std::string. The stream buffer is consumed.
+            std::string string() noexcept {
+                try {
                     std::stringstream ss;
                     ss << rdbuf();
                     return ss.str();
                 }
+                catch(...) {
+                    return std::string();
+                }
+            }
 
         private:
-            boost::asio::streambuf &streambuf;
-
-            Content(boost::asio::streambuf &streambuf) : std::istream(&streambuf), streambuf(streambuf)
-            {}
+            asio::streambuf &streambuf;
+            Content(asio::streambuf &streambuf) noexcept : std::istream(&streambuf), streambuf(streambuf) {}
         };
 
-        class Request
-        {
+        class Request {
             friend class ServerBase<socket_type>;
-
             friend class Server<socket_type>;
+            friend class Session;
 
         public:
-            std::string method, path, http_version;
+            std::string method, path, query_string, http_version;
 
             Content content;
 
-            std::unordered_multimap<std::string, std::string, case_insensitive_hash, case_insensitive_equals> header;
+            CaseInsensitiveMultimap header;
 
             std::smatch path_match;
 
             std::string remote_endpoint_address;
             unsigned short remote_endpoint_port;
 
-        private:
-            Request(const socket_type &socket) : content(streambuf)
-            {
-                try
-                {
-                    remote_endpoint_address = socket.lowest_layer().remote_endpoint().address().to_string();
-                    remote_endpoint_port = socket.lowest_layer().remote_endpoint().port();
-                }
-                catch (...)
-                {}
+            /// Returns query keys with percent-decoded values.
+            CaseInsensitiveMultimap parse_query_string() noexcept {
+                return SimpleWeb::QueryString::parse(query_string);
             }
 
-            boost::asio::streambuf streambuf;
+        private:
+            asio::streambuf streambuf;
+
+            Request(const std::string &remote_endpoint_address = std::string(), unsigned short remote_endpoint_port = 0) noexcept
+                    : content(streambuf), remote_endpoint_address(remote_endpoint_address), remote_endpoint_port(remote_endpoint_port) {}
         };
 
-        class Config
-        {
+    protected:
+        class Connection : public std::enable_shared_from_this<Connection> {
+        public:
+            template <typename... Args>
+            Connection(std::shared_ptr<ScopeRunner> handler_runner, Args &&... args) noexcept : handler_runner(std::move(handler_runner)), socket(new socket_type(std::forward<Args>(args)...)) {}
+
+            std::shared_ptr<ScopeRunner> handler_runner;
+
+            std::unique_ptr<socket_type> socket; // Socket must be unique_ptr since asio::ssl::stream<asio::ip::tcp::socket> is not movable
+            std::mutex socket_close_mutex;
+
+            std::unique_ptr<asio::steady_timer> timer;
+
+            void close() noexcept {
+                error_code ec;
+                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(socket_close_mutex); // The following operations seems to be needed to run sequentially
+                socket->lowest_layer().shutdown(asio::ip::tcp::socket::shutdown_both, ec);
+                socket->lowest_layer().close(ec);
+            }
+
+            void set_timeout(long seconds) noexcept {
+                if(seconds == 0) {
+                    timer = nullptr;
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                timer = std::unique_ptr<asio::steady_timer>(new asio::steady_timer(socket->get_io_service()));
+                timer->expires_from_now(std::chrono::seconds(seconds));
+                auto self = this->shared_from_this();
+                timer->async_wait([self](const error_code &ec) {
+                    if(!ec)
+                        self->close();
+                });
+            }
+
+            void cancel_timeout() noexcept {
+                if(timer) {
+                    error_code ec;
+                    timer->cancel(ec);
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        class Session {
+        public:
+            Session(std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection) noexcept : connection(std::move(connection)) {
+                try {
+                    auto remote_endpoint = this->connection->socket->lowest_layer().remote_endpoint();
+                    request = std::shared_ptr<Request>(new Request(remote_endpoint.address().to_string(), remote_endpoint.port()));
+                }
+                catch(...) {
+                    request = std::shared_ptr<Request>(new Request());
+                }
+            }
+
+            std::shared_ptr<Connection> connection;
+            std::shared_ptr<Request> request;
+        };
+
+    public:
+        class Config {
             friend class ServerBase<socket_type>;
 
-            Config(unsigned short port) : port(port)
-            {}
+            Config(unsigned short port) noexcept : port(port) {}
 
         public:
             /// Port number to use. Defaults to 80 for HTTP and 443 for HTTPS.
             unsigned short port;
-            /// Number of threads that the server will use when start() is called. Defaults to 1 thread.
+            /// If io_service is not set, number of threads that the server will use when start() is called.
+            /// Defaults to 1 thread.
             size_t thread_pool_size = 1;
             /// Timeout on request handling. Defaults to 5 seconds.
-            size_t timeout_request = 5;
+            long timeout_request = 5;
             /// Timeout on content handling. Defaults to 300 seconds.
-            size_t timeout_content = 300;
+            long timeout_content = 300;
             /// IPv4 address in dotted decimal form or IPv6 address in hexadecimal notation.
             /// If empty, the address will be any address.
             std::string address;
             /// Set to false to avoid binding the socket to an address that is already in use. Defaults to true.
             bool reuse_address = true;
         };
-
         /// Set before calling start().
         Config config;
 
     private:
-        class regex_orderable : public std::regex
-        {
+        class regex_orderable : public std::regex {
             std::string str;
+
         public:
-            regex_orderable(const char *regex_cstr) : std::regex(regex_cstr), str(regex_cstr)
-            {}
-
-            regex_orderable(const std::string &regex_str) : std::regex(regex_str), str(regex_str)
-            {}
-
-            bool operator<(const regex_orderable &rhs) const
-            {
+            regex_orderable(const char *regex_cstr) : std::regex(regex_cstr), str(regex_cstr) {}
+            regex_orderable(std::string regex_str) : std::regex(regex_str), str(std::move(regex_str)) {}
+            bool operator<(const regex_orderable &rhs) const noexcept {
                 return str < rhs.str;
             }
         };
 
     public:
         /// Warning: do not add or remove resources after start() is called
-        std::map<regex_orderable, std::map<std::string,
-                std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Response>,
-                                   std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)>>>
-                resource;
+        std::map<regex_orderable, std::map<std::string, std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Response>, std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)>>> resource;
 
-        std::map<std::string,
-                std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Response>,
-                                   std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)>> default_resource;
+        std::map<std::string, std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Response>, std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)>> default_resource;
 
-        std::function<
-                void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>,
-                     const boost::system::error_code &)>
-                on_error;
+        std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>, const error_code &)> on_error;
 
-        std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<socket_type> socket,
-                           std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)> on_upgrade;
+        std::function<void(std::unique_ptr<socket_type> &, std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)> on_upgrade;
 
-        virtual void start()
-        {
-            if (!io_service)
-                io_service = std::make_shared<boost::asio::io_service>();
+        /// If you have your own asio::io_service, store its pointer here before running start().
+        std::shared_ptr<asio::io_service> io_service;
+
+        virtual void start() {
+            if(!io_service) {
+                io_service = std::make_shared<asio::io_service>();
+                internal_io_service = true;
+            }
 
             if(io_service->stopped())
                 io_service->reset();
 
-            boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint endpoint;
+            asio::ip::tcp::endpoint endpoint;
             if(config.address.size() > 0)
-                endpoint = boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint(boost::asio::ip::address::from_string(config.address),
-                                                          config.port);
+                endpoint = asio::ip::tcp::endpoint(asio::ip::address::from_string(config.address), config.port);
             else
-                endpoint = boost::asio::ip::tcp::endpoint(boost::asio::ip::tcp::v4(), config.port);
+                endpoint = asio::ip::tcp::endpoint(asio::ip::tcp::v4(), config.port);
 
             if(!acceptor)
-                acceptor = std::unique_ptr<boost::asio::ip::tcp::acceptor>(
-                        new boost::asio::ip::tcp::acceptor(*io_service));
+                acceptor = std::unique_ptr<asio::ip::tcp::acceptor>(new asio::ip::tcp::acceptor(*io_service));
             acceptor->open(endpoint.protocol());
-            acceptor->set_option(boost::asio::socket_base::reuse_address(config.reuse_address));
+            acceptor->set_option(asio::socket_base::reuse_address(config.reuse_address));
             acceptor->bind(endpoint);
             acceptor->listen();
 
             accept();
 
+            if(internal_io_service) {
                 // If thread_pool_size>1, start m_io_service.run() in (thread_pool_size-1) threads for thread-pooling
                 threads.clear();
-            for (size_t c = 1; c < config.thread_pool_size; c++)
-            {
-                threads.emplace_back([this]()
-                                     {
-                                         io_service->run();
+                for(size_t c = 1; c < config.thread_pool_size; c++) {
+                    threads.emplace_back([this]() {
+                        this->io_service->run();
                     });
                 }
 
@@ -234,278 +340,198 @@ namespace SimpleWeb
 
                 // Wait for the rest of the threads, if any, to finish as well
                 for(auto &t : threads)
-            {
                     t.join();
             }
         }
 
-        void stop()
+        /// Stop accepting new requests, and close current connections.
+        void stop() noexcept {
+            if(acceptor) {
+                error_code ec;
+                acceptor->close(ec);
+
                 {
-            acceptor->close();
-            if (config.thread_pool_size > 0)
+                    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(*connections_mutex);
+                    for(auto &connection : *connections)
+                        connection->close();
+                    connections->clear();
+                }
+
+                if(internal_io_service)
                     io_service->stop();
             }
-
-        ///Use this function if you need to recursively send parts of a longer message
-        void send(const std::shared_ptr<Response> &response,
-                  const std::function<void(const boost::system::error_code &)> &callback = nullptr) const
-        {
-            boost::asio::async_write(*response->socket, response->streambuf, [this, response, callback]
-                    (const boost::system::error_code &ec, size_t /*bytes_transferred*/)
-            {
-                if (callback)
-                    callback(ec);
-            });
         }
 
-        /// If you have your own boost::asio::io_service, store its pointer here before running start().
-        /// You might also want to set config.thread_pool_size to 0.
-        std::shared_ptr<boost::asio::io_service> io_service;
+        virtual ~ServerBase() noexcept {
+            handler_runner->stop();
+            stop();
+        }
+
     protected:
-        std::unique_ptr<boost::asio::ip::tcp::acceptor> acceptor;
+        bool internal_io_service = false;
+
+        std::unique_ptr<asio::ip::tcp::acceptor> acceptor;
         std::vector<std::thread> threads;
 
-        ServerBase(unsigned short port) : config(port)
-        {}
+        std::shared_ptr<std::unordered_set<Connection *>> connections;
+        std::shared_ptr<std::mutex> connections_mutex;
+
+        std::shared_ptr<ScopeRunner> handler_runner;
+
+        ServerBase(unsigned short port) noexcept : config(port), connections(new std::unordered_set<Connection *>()), connections_mutex(new std::mutex()), handler_runner(new ScopeRunner()) {}
 
         virtual void accept() = 0;
 
-        std::shared_ptr<boost::asio::deadline_timer>
-        get_timeout_timer(const std::shared_ptr<socket_type> &socket, long seconds)
+        template <typename... Args>
+        std::shared_ptr<Connection> create_connection(Args &&... args) noexcept {
+            auto connections = this->connections;
+            auto connections_mutex = this->connections_mutex;
+            auto connection = std::shared_ptr<Connection>(new Connection(handler_runner, std::forward<Args>(args)...), [connections, connections_mutex](Connection *connection) {
                 {
-            if (seconds == 0)
-                return nullptr;
-
-            auto timer = std::make_shared<boost::asio::deadline_timer>(*io_service);
-            timer->expires_from_now(boost::posix_time::seconds(seconds));
-            timer->async_wait([socket](const boost::system::error_code &ec)
-                              {
-                                  if (!ec)
-                                  {
-                                      boost::system::error_code ec;
-                                      socket->lowest_layer().shutdown(boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket::shutdown_both, ec);
-                                      socket->lowest_layer().close();
+                    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(*connections_mutex);
+                    auto it = connections->find(connection);
+                    if(it != connections->end())
+                        connections->erase(it);
                 }
+                delete connection;
             });
-            return timer;
+            {
+                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(*connections_mutex);
+                connections->emplace(connection.get());
+            }
+            return connection;
         }
 
-        void read_request_and_content(const std::shared_ptr<socket_type> &socket)
-        {
-            //Create new streambuf (Request::streambuf) for async_read_until()
-            //shared_ptr is used to pass temporary objects to the asynchronous functions
-            std::shared_ptr<Request> request(new Request(*socket));
-
-            //Set timeout on the following boost::asio::async-read or write function
-            auto timer = this->get_timeout_timer(socket, config.timeout_request);
-
-            boost::asio::async_read_until(*socket, request->streambuf, "\r\n\r\n", [this, socket, request, timer]
-                    (const boost::system::error_code &ec,
-                     size_t bytes_transferred)
-            {
-                if (timer)
-                    timer->cancel();
-                if (!ec)
-                {
+        void read_request_and_content(const std::shared_ptr<Session> &session) {
+            session->connection->set_timeout(config.timeout_request);
+            asio::async_read_until(*session->connection->socket, session->request->streambuf, "\r\n\r\n", [this, session](const error_code &ec, size_t bytes_transferred) {
+                session->connection->cancel_timeout();
+                auto lock = session->connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
+                if(!lock)
+                    return;
+                if(!ec) {
                     // request->streambuf.size() is not necessarily the same as bytes_transferred, from Boost-docs:
                     // "After a successful async_read_until operation, the streambuf may contain additional data beyond the delimiter"
                     // The chosen solution is to extract lines from the stream directly when parsing the header. What is left of the
                     // streambuf (maybe some bytes of the content) is appended to in the async_read-function below (for retrieving content).
-                    size_t num_additional_bytes =
-                            request->streambuf.size() - bytes_transferred;
+                    size_t num_additional_bytes = session->request->streambuf.size() - bytes_transferred;
 
-                    if (!this->parse_request(request))
+                    if(!RequestMessage::parse(session->request->content, session->request->method, session->request->path,
+                                              session->request->query_string, session->request->http_version, session->request->header)) {
+                        if(this->on_error)
+                            this->on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::protocol_error));
                         return;
+                    }
 
                     // If content, read that as well
-                    auto it = request->header.find("Content-Length");
-                    if (it != request->header.end())
-                    {
-                        unsigned long long content_length;
-                        try
-                        {
+                    auto it = session->request->header.find("Content-Length");
+                    if(it != session->request->header.end()) {
+                        unsigned long long content_length = 0;
+                        try {
                             content_length = stoull(it->second);
                         }
-                        catch (const std::exception &e)
-                        {
-                            if (on_error)
-                                on_error(request, boost::system::error_code(
-                                        boost::system::errc::protocol_error,
-                                        boost::system::generic_category()));
+                        catch(const std::exception &e) {
+                            if(this->on_error)
+                                this->on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::protocol_error));
                             return;
                         }
-                        if (content_length > num_additional_bytes)
-                        {
-                            //Set timeout on the following boost::asio::async-read or write function
-                            auto timer = this->get_timeout_timer(socket,
-                                                                 config.timeout_content);
-                            boost::asio::async_read(*socket, request->streambuf,
-                                                    boost::asio::transfer_exactly(
-                                                            content_length -
-                                                            num_additional_bytes),
-                                                    [this, socket, request, timer]
-                                                            (const boost::system::error_code &ec,
-                                                             size_t /*bytes_transferred*/)
-                                                    {
-                                                        if (timer)
-                                                            timer->cancel();
+                        if(content_length > num_additional_bytes) {
+                            session->connection->set_timeout(config.timeout_content);
+                            asio::async_read(*session->connection->socket, session->request->streambuf, asio::transfer_exactly(content_length - num_additional_bytes), [this, session](const error_code &ec, size_t /*bytes_transferred*/) {
+                                session->connection->cancel_timeout();
+                                auto lock = session->connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
+                                if(!lock)
+                                    return;
                                 if(!ec)
-                                                            this->find_resource(socket,
-                                                                                request);
-                                                        else if (on_error)
-                                                            on_error(request, ec);
+                                    this->find_resource(session);
+                                else if(this->on_error)
+                                    this->on_error(session->request, ec);
                             });
                         }
                         else
-                            this->find_resource(socket, request);
+                            this->find_resource(session);
                     }
                     else
-                        this->find_resource(socket, request);
+                        this->find_resource(session);
                 }
-                else if (on_error)
-                    on_error(request, ec);
+                else if(this->on_error)
+                    this->on_error(session->request, ec);
             });
         }
 
-        bool parse_request(const std::shared_ptr<Request> &request) const
-        {
-            std::string line;
-            getline(request->content, line);
-            size_t method_end;
-            if ((method_end = line.find(' ')) != std::string::npos)
-            {
-                size_t path_end;
-                if ((path_end = line.find(' ', method_end + 1)) != std::string::npos)
-                {
-                    request->method = line.substr(0, method_end);
-                    request->path = line.substr(method_end + 1, path_end - method_end - 1);
-
-                    size_t protocol_end;
-                    if ((protocol_end = line.find('/', path_end + 1)) != std::string::npos)
-                    {
-                        if (line.compare(path_end + 1, protocol_end - path_end - 1, "HTTP") != 0)
-                            return false;
-                        request->http_version = line.substr(protocol_end + 1, line.size() - protocol_end - 2);
-                    }
-                    else
-                        return false;
-
-                    getline(request->content, line);
-                    size_t param_end;
-                    while ((param_end = line.find(':')) != std::string::npos)
-                    {
-                        size_t value_start = param_end + 1;
-                        if ((value_start) < line.size())
-                        {
-                            if (line[value_start] == ' ')
-                                value_start++;
-                            if (value_start < line.size())
-                                request->header.emplace(line.substr(0, param_end),
-                                                        line.substr(value_start, line.size() - value_start - 1));
-                        }
-
-                        getline(request->content, line);
-                    }
-                }
-                else
-                    return false;
-            }
-            else
-                return false;
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        void find_resource(const std::shared_ptr<socket_type> &socket, const std::shared_ptr<Request> &request)
-        {
+        void find_resource(const std::shared_ptr<Session> &session) {
             // Upgrade connection
-            if (on_upgrade)
+            if(on_upgrade) {
+                auto it = session->request->header.find("Upgrade");
+                if(it != session->request->header.end()) {
+                    // remove connection from connections
                     {
-                auto it = request->header.find("Upgrade");
-                if (it != request->header.end())
-                {
-                    on_upgrade(socket, request);
+                        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(*connections_mutex);
+                        auto it = connections->find(session->connection.get());
+                        if(it != connections->end())
+                            connections->erase(it);
+                    }
+
+                    on_upgrade(session->connection->socket, session->request);
                     return;
                 }
             }
             // Find path- and method-match, and call write_response
-            for (auto &regex_method: resource)
-            {
-                auto it = regex_method.second.find(request->method);
-                if (it != regex_method.second.end())
-                {
+            for(auto &regex_method : resource) {
+                auto it = regex_method.second.find(session->request->method);
+                if(it != regex_method.second.end()) {
                     std::smatch sm_res;
-                    if (std::regex_match(request->path, sm_res, regex_method.first))
-                    {
-                        request->path_match = std::move(sm_res);
-                        write_response(socket, request, it->second);
+                    if(std::regex_match(session->request->path, sm_res, regex_method.first)) {
+                        session->request->path_match = std::move(sm_res);
+                        write_response(session, it->second);
                         return;
                     }
                 }
             }
-            auto it = default_resource.find(request->method);
+            auto it = default_resource.find(session->request->method);
             if(it != default_resource.end())
-            {
-                write_response(socket, request, it->second);
-            }
+                write_response(session, it->second);
         }
 
-        void write_response(const std::shared_ptr<socket_type> &socket, const std::shared_ptr<Request> &request,
-                            std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Response>,
-                                               std::shared_ptr<
-                                                       typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)> &resource_function)
-        {
-            //Set timeout on the following boost::asio::async-read or write function
-            auto timer = this->get_timeout_timer(socket, config.timeout_content);
-
-            auto response = std::shared_ptr<Response>(new Response(socket), [this, request, timer]
-                    (Response *response_ptr)
-            {
+        void write_response(const std::shared_ptr<Session> &session,
+                            std::function<void(std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Response>, std::shared_ptr<typename ServerBase<socket_type>::Request>)> &resource_function) {
+            session->connection->set_timeout(config.timeout_content);
+            auto response = std::shared_ptr<Response>(new Response(session, config.timeout_content), [this](Response *response_ptr) {
                 auto response = std::shared_ptr<Response>(response_ptr);
-                this->send(response, [this, response, request, timer](
-                        const boost::system::error_code &ec)
-                {
-                    if (timer)
-                        timer->cancel();
-                    if (!ec)
-                    {
+                response->send([this, response](const error_code &ec) {
+                    if(!ec) {
                         if(response->close_connection_after_response)
                             return;
 
-                        auto range = request->header.equal_range(
-                                "Connection");
-                        for (auto it = range.first; it != range.second; it++)
-                        {
-                            if (boost::iequals(it->second, "close"))
-                            {
+                        auto range = response->session->request->header.equal_range("Connection");
+                        for(auto it = range.first; it != range.second; it++) {
+                            if(case_insensitive_equal(it->second, "close"))
                                 return;
-                            }
-                            else if (boost::iequals(it->second, "keep-alive"))
-                            {
-                                this->read_request_and_content(
-                                        response->socket);
+                            else if(case_insensitive_equal(it->second, "keep-alive")) {
+                                auto new_session = std::make_shared<Session>(response->session->connection);
+                                this->read_request_and_content(new_session);
                                 return;
                             }
                         }
-                        if (request->http_version >= "1.1")
-                            this->read_request_and_content(response->socket);
+                        if(response->session->request->http_version >= "1.1") {
+                            auto new_session = std::make_shared<Session>(response->session->connection);
+                            this->read_request_and_content(new_session);
+                            return;
                         }
-                    else if (on_error)
-                        on_error(request, ec);
+                    }
+                    else if(this->on_error)
+                        this->on_error(response->session->request, ec);
                 });
             });
 
-            try
-            {
-                resource_function(response, request);
+            try {
+                resource_function(response, session->request);
             }
-            catch (const std::exception &e)
-            {
+            catch(const std::exception &e) {
                 if(on_error)
-                    on_error(request, boost::system::error_code(boost::system::errc::operation_canceled,
-                                                                boost::system::generic_category()));
+                    on_error(session->request, make_error_code::make_error_code(errc::operation_canceled));
                 return;
             }
         }
     };
 }
-#endif //BASE_SERVER_HPP

apps/master/SimpleWeb/http_server.hpp

@@ -1,55 +1,42 @@
-/*
- *  https://github.com/eidheim/Simple-Web-Server/
- *
- *  The MIT License (MIT)
- *  Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Ole Christian Eidheim
- */
-
-#ifndef SERVER_HTTP_HPP
-#define SERVER_HTTP_HPP
+#pragma once
 
 #include "base_server.hpp"
 
-namespace SimpleWeb
-{
+namespace SimpleWeb {
 
     template <class socket_type>
     class Server : public ServerBase<socket_type> {};
 
-    typedef boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket HTTP;
+    using HTTP = asio::ip::tcp::socket;
 
     template <>
-    class Server<HTTP> : public ServerBase<HTTP>
-    {
+    class Server<HTTP> : public ServerBase<HTTP> {
     public:
-        Server() : ServerBase<HTTP>::ServerBase(80)
-        {}
+        Server() noexcept : ServerBase<HTTP>::ServerBase(80) {}
 
     protected:
-        virtual void accept()
-        {
-            //Create new socket for this connection
-            //Shared_ptr is used to pass temporary objects to the asynchronous functions
-            auto socket = std::make_shared<HTTP>(*io_service);
+        void accept() override {
+            auto session = std::make_shared<Session>(create_connection(*io_service));
 
-            acceptor->async_accept(*socket, [this, socket](const boost::system::error_code &ec)
-            {
-                //Immediately start accepting a new connection (if io_service hasn't been stopped)
-                if (ec != boost::asio::error::operation_aborted)
-                    accept();
+            acceptor->async_accept(*session->connection->socket, [this, session](const error_code &ec) {
+                auto lock = session->connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
+                if(!lock)
+                    return;
 
-                if (!ec)
-                {
-                    boost::asio::ip::tcp::no_delay option(true);
-                    socket->set_option(option);
+                // Immediately start accepting a new connection (unless io_service has been stopped)
+                if(ec != asio::error::operation_aborted)
+                    this->accept();
 
-                    this->read_request_and_content(socket);
+                if(!ec) {
+                    asio::ip::tcp::no_delay option(true);
+                    error_code ec;
+                    session->connection->socket->set_option(option, ec);
+
+                    this->read_request_and_content(session);
                 }
-                else if (on_error)
-                    on_error(std::shared_ptr<Request>(new Request(*socket)), ec);
+                else if(this->on_error)
+                    this->on_error(session->request, ec);
             });
         }
     };
-}
-
-#endif //SERVER_HTTP_HPP
+} // namespace SimpleWeb

apps/master/SimpleWeb/https_server.hpp

@@ -1,91 +1,82 @@
-#ifndef HTTPS_SERVER_HPP
-#define HTTPS_SERVER_HPP
+#pragma once
 
 #include "base_server.hpp"
-#include <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
-#include <openssl/ssl.h>
-#include <algorithm>
 
-namespace SimpleWeb
-{
-    typedef boost::asio::ssl::stream<boost::asio::ip::tcp::socket> HTTPS;
+#ifdef USE_STANDALONE_ASIO
+#include <asio/ssl.hpp>
+#else
+#include <boost/asio/ssl.hpp>
+#endif
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <openssl/ssl.h>
+
+namespace SimpleWeb {
+    using HTTPS = asio::ssl::stream<asio::ip::tcp::socket>;
 
     template <>
-    class Server<HTTPS> : public ServerBase<HTTPS>
-    {
+    class Server<HTTPS> : public ServerBase<HTTPS> {
         std::string session_id_context;
         bool set_session_id_context = false;
-    public:
-        Server(const std::string &cert_file, const std::string &private_key_file,
-               const std::string &verify_file = std::string()) : ServerBase<HTTPS>::ServerBase(443),
-                                                                 context(boost::asio::ssl::context::tlsv12)
-        {
-            context.use_certificate_chain_file(cert_file);
-            context.use_private_key_file(private_key_file, boost::asio::ssl::context::pem);
 
-            if (verify_file.size() > 0)
-            {
+    public:
+        Server(const std::string &cert_file, const std::string &private_key_file, const std::string &verify_file = std::string())
+                : ServerBase<HTTPS>::ServerBase(443), context(asio::ssl::context::tlsv12) {
+            context.use_certificate_chain_file(cert_file);
+            context.use_private_key_file(private_key_file, asio::ssl::context::pem);
+
+            if(verify_file.size() > 0) {
                 context.load_verify_file(verify_file);
-                context.set_verify_mode(boost::asio::ssl::verify_peer | boost::asio::ssl::verify_fail_if_no_peer_cert |
-                                        boost::asio::ssl::verify_client_once);
+                context.set_verify_mode(asio::ssl::verify_peer | asio::ssl::verify_fail_if_no_peer_cert | asio::ssl::verify_client_once);
                 set_session_id_context = true;
             }
         }
 
-        void start()
-        {
-            if (set_session_id_context)
-            {
+        void start() override {
+            if(set_session_id_context) {
                 // Creating session_id_context from address:port but reversed due to small SSL_MAX_SSL_SESSION_ID_LENGTH
                 session_id_context = std::to_string(config.port) + ':';
                 session_id_context.append(config.address.rbegin(), config.address.rend());
-                SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context(context.native_handle(),
-                                               reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(session_id_context.data()),
-                                               std::min<size_t>(session_id_context.size(),
-                                                                SSL_MAX_SSL_SESSION_ID_LENGTH));
+                SSL_CTX_set_session_id_context(context.native_handle(), reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(session_id_context.data()),
+                                               std::min<size_t>(session_id_context.size(), SSL_MAX_SSL_SESSION_ID_LENGTH));
             }
             ServerBase::start();
         }
 
     protected:
-        boost::asio::ssl::context context;
+        asio::ssl::context context;
 
-        virtual void accept()
-        {
-            //Create new socket for this connection
-            //Shared_ptr is used to pass temporary objects to the asynchronous functions
-            auto socket = std::make_shared<HTTPS>(*io_service, context);
+        void accept() override {
+            auto session = std::make_shared<Session>(create_connection(*io_service, context));
 
-            acceptor->async_accept((*socket).lowest_layer(), [this, socket](const boost::system::error_code &ec)
-            {
-                //Immediately start accepting a new connection (if io_service hasn't been stopped)
-                if (ec != boost::asio::error::operation_aborted)
-                    accept();
+            acceptor->async_accept(session->connection->socket->lowest_layer(), [this, session](const error_code &ec) {
+                auto lock = session->connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
+                if(!lock)
+                    return;
 
+                if(ec != asio::error::operation_aborted)
+                    this->accept();
 
+                if(!ec) {
+                    asio::ip::tcp::no_delay option(true);
+                    error_code ec;
+                    session->connection->socket->lowest_layer().set_option(option, ec);
+
+                    session->connection->set_timeout(config.timeout_request);
+                    session->connection->socket->async_handshake(asio::ssl::stream_base::server, [this, session](const error_code &ec) {
+                        session->connection->cancel_timeout();
+                        auto lock = session->connection->handler_runner->continue_lock();
+                        if(!lock)
+                            return;
                         if(!ec)
-                {
-                    boost::asio::ip::tcp::no_delay option(true);
-                    socket->lowest_layer().set_option(option);
-
-                    //Set timeout on the following boost::asio::ssl::stream::async_handshake
-                    auto timer = get_timeout_timer(socket, config.timeout_request);
-                    socket->async_handshake(boost::asio::ssl::stream_base::server, [this, socket, timer]
-                            (const boost::system::error_code &ec)
-                    {
-                        if (timer)
-                            timer->cancel();
-                        if (!ec)
-                            read_request_and_content(socket);
-                        else if (on_error)
-                            on_error(std::shared_ptr<Request>(new Request(*socket)), ec);
+                            this->read_request_and_content(session);
+                        else if(this->on_error)
+                            this->on_error(session->request, ec);
                     });
                 }
-                else if (on_error)
-                    on_error(std::shared_ptr<Request>(new Request(*socket)), ec);
+                else if(this->on_error)
+                    this->on_error(session->request, ec);
             });
         }
     };
-}
-
-#endif //HTTPS_SERVER_HPP
+} // namespace SimpleWeb

apps/master/SimpleWeb/status_code.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace SimpleWeb {
+    enum class StatusCode {
+        unknown = 0,
+        information_continue = 100,
+        information_switching_protocols,
+        information_processing,
+        success_ok = 200,
+        success_created,
+        success_accepted,
+        success_non_authoritative_information,
+        success_no_content,
+        success_reset_content,
+        success_partial_content,
+        success_multi_status,
+        success_already_reported,
+        success_im_used = 226,
+        redirection_multiple_choices = 300,
+        redirection_moved_permanently,
+        redirection_found,
+        redirection_see_other,
+        redirection_not_modified,
+        redirection_use_proxy,
+        redirection_switch_proxy,
+        redirection_temporary_redirect,
+        redirection_permanent_redirect,
+        client_error_bad_request = 400,
+        client_error_unauthorized,
+        client_error_payment_required,
+        client_error_forbidden,
+        client_error_not_found,
+        client_error_method_not_allowed,
+        client_error_not_acceptable,
+        client_error_proxy_authentication_required,
+        client_error_request_timeout,
+        client_error_conflict,
+        client_error_gone,
+        client_error_length_required,
+        client_error_precondition_failed,
+        client_error_payload_too_large,
+        client_error_uri_too_long,
+        client_error_unsupported_media_type,
+        client_error_range_not_satisfiable,
+        client_error_expectation_failed,
+        client_error_im_a_teapot,
+        client_error_misdirection_required = 421,
+        client_error_unprocessable_entity,
+        client_error_locked,
+        client_error_failed_dependency,
+        client_error_upgrade_required = 426,
+        client_error_precondition_required = 428,
+        client_error_too_many_requests,
+        client_error_request_header_fields_too_large = 431,
+        client_error_unavailable_for_legal_reasons = 451,
+        server_error_internal_server_error = 500,
+        server_error_not_implemented,
+        server_error_bad_gateway,
+        server_error_service_unavailable,
+        server_error_gateway_timeout,
+        server_error_http_version_not_supported,
+        server_error_variant_also_negotiates,
+        server_error_insufficient_storage,
+        server_error_loop_detected,
+        server_error_not_extended = 510,
+        server_error_network_authentication_required
+    };
+
+    const static std::vector<std::pair<StatusCode, std::string>> &status_codes() noexcept {
+        const static std::vector<std::pair<StatusCode, std::string>> status_codes = {
+                {StatusCode::unknown, ""},
+                {StatusCode::information_continue, "100 Continue"},
+                {StatusCode::information_switching_protocols, "101 Switching Protocols"},
+                {StatusCode::information_processing, "102 Processing"},
+                {StatusCode::success_ok, "200 OK"},
+                {StatusCode::success_created, "201 Created"},
+                {StatusCode::success_accepted, "202 Accepted"},
+                {StatusCode::success_non_authoritative_information, "203 Non-Authoritative Information"},
+                {StatusCode::success_no_content, "204 No Content"},
+                {StatusCode::success_reset_content, "205 Reset Content"},
+                {StatusCode::success_partial_content, "206 Partial Content"},
+                {StatusCode::success_multi_status, "207 Multi-Status"},
+                {StatusCode::success_already_reported, "208 Already Reported"},
+                {StatusCode::success_im_used, "226 IM Used"},
+                {StatusCode::redirection_multiple_choices, "300 Multiple Choices"},
+                {StatusCode::redirection_moved_permanently, "301 Moved Permanently"},
+                {StatusCode::redirection_found, "302 Found"},
+                {StatusCode::redirection_see_other, "303 See Other"},
+                {StatusCode::redirection_not_modified, "304 Not Modified"},
+                {StatusCode::redirection_use_proxy, "305 Use Proxy"},
+                {StatusCode::redirection_switch_proxy, "306 Switch Proxy"},
+                {StatusCode::redirection_temporary_redirect, "307 Temporary Redirect"},
+                {StatusCode::redirection_permanent_redirect, "308 Permanent Redirect"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_bad_request, "400 Bad Request"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_unauthorized, "401 Unauthorized"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_payment_required, "402 Payment Required"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_forbidden, "403 Forbidden"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_not_found, "404 Not Found"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_method_not_allowed, "405 Method Not Allowed"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_not_acceptable, "406 Not Acceptable"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_proxy_authentication_required, "407 Proxy Authentication Required"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_request_timeout, "408 Request Timeout"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_conflict, "409 Conflict"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_gone, "410 Gone"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_length_required, "411 Length Required"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_precondition_failed, "412 Precondition Failed"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_payload_too_large, "413 Payload Too Large"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_uri_too_long, "414 URI Too Long"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_unsupported_media_type, "415 Unsupported Media Type"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_range_not_satisfiable, "416 Range Not Satisfiable"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_expectation_failed, "417 Expectation Failed"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_im_a_teapot, "418 I'm a teapot"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_misdirection_required, "421 Misdirected Request"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_unprocessable_entity, "422 Unprocessable Entity"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_locked, "423 Locked"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_failed_dependency, "424 Failed Dependency"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_upgrade_required, "426 Upgrade Required"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_precondition_required, "428 Precondition Required"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_too_many_requests, "429 Too Many Requests"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_request_header_fields_too_large, "431 Request Header Fields Too Large"},
+                {StatusCode::client_error_unavailable_for_legal_reasons, "451 Unavailable For Legal Reasons"},
+                {StatusCode::server_error_internal_server_error, "500 Internal Server Error"},
+                {StatusCode::server_error_not_implemented, "501 Not Implemented"},
+                {StatusCode::server_error_bad_gateway, "502 Bad Gateway"},
+                {StatusCode::server_error_service_unavailable, "503 Service Unavailable"},
+                {StatusCode::server_error_gateway_timeout, "504 Gateway Timeout"},
+                {StatusCode::server_error_http_version_not_supported, "505 HTTP Version Not Supported"},
+                {StatusCode::server_error_variant_also_negotiates, "506 Variant Also Negotiates"},
+                {StatusCode::server_error_insufficient_storage, "507 Insufficient Storage"},
+                {StatusCode::server_error_loop_detected, "508 Loop Detected"},
+                {StatusCode::server_error_not_extended, "510 Not Extended"},
+                {StatusCode::server_error_network_authentication_required, "511 Network Authentication Required"}};
+        return status_codes;
+    }
+
+    inline StatusCode status_code(const std::string &status_code_str) noexcept {
+        for(auto &status_code : status_codes()) {
+            if(status_code.second == status_code_str)
+                return status_code.first;
+        }
+        return StatusCode::unknown;
+    }
+
+    inline const std::string &status_code(StatusCode status_code_enum) noexcept {
+        for(auto &status_code : status_codes()) {
+            if(status_code.first == status_code_enum)
+                return status_code.second;
+        }
+        return status_codes()[0].second;
+    }
+} // namespace SimpleWeb

apps/master/SimpleWeb/utility.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "status_code.hpp"
+#include <atomic>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+#include <unordered_map>
+
+namespace SimpleWeb {
+    inline bool case_insensitive_equal(const std::string &str1, const std::string &str2) noexcept {
+        return str1.size() == str2.size() &&
+               std::equal(str1.begin(), str1.end(), str2.begin(), [](char a, char b) {
+                   return tolower(a) == tolower(b);
+               });
+    }
+    class CaseInsensitiveEqual {
+    public:
+        bool operator()(const std::string &str1, const std::string &str2) const noexcept {
+            return case_insensitive_equal(str1, str2);
+        }
+    };
+    // Based on https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2590677/how-do-i-combine-hash-values-in-c0x/2595226#2595226
+    class CaseInsensitiveHash {
+    public:
+        size_t operator()(const std::string &str) const noexcept {
+            size_t h = 0;
+            std::hash<int> hash;
+            for(auto c : str)
+                h ^= hash(tolower(c)) + 0x9e3779b9 + (h << 6) + (h >> 2);
+            return h;
+        }
+    };
+
+    using CaseInsensitiveMultimap = std::unordered_multimap<std::string, std::string, CaseInsensitiveHash, CaseInsensitiveEqual>;
+
+    /// Percent encoding and decoding
+    class Percent {
+    public:
+        /// Returns percent-encoded string
+        static std::string encode(const std::string &value) noexcept {
+            static auto hex_chars = "0123456789ABCDEF";
+
+            std::string result;
+            result.reserve(value.size()); // Minimum size of result
+
+            for(auto &chr : value) {
+                if(chr == ' ')
+                    result += '+';
+                else if(chr == '!' || chr == '#' || chr == '$' || (chr >= '&' && chr <= ',') || (chr >= '/' && chr <= ';') || chr == '=' || chr == '?' || chr == '@' || chr == '[' || chr == ']')
+                    result += std::string("%") + hex_chars[chr >> 4] + hex_chars[chr & 15];
+                else
+                    result += chr;
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// Returns percent-decoded string
+        static std::string decode(const std::string &value) noexcept {
+            std::string result;
+            result.reserve(value.size() / 3 + (value.size() % 3)); // Minimum size of result
+
+            for(size_t i = 0; i < value.size(); ++i) {
+                auto &chr = value[i];
+                if(chr == '%' && i + 2 < value.size()) {
+                    auto hex = value.substr(i + 1, 2);
+                    auto decoded_chr = static_cast<char>(std::strtol(hex.c_str(), nullptr, 16));
+                    result += decoded_chr;
+                    i += 2;
+                }
+                else if(chr == '+')
+                    result += ' ';
+                else
+                    result += chr;
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    };
+
+    /// Query string creation and parsing
+    class QueryString {
+    public:
+        /// Returns query string created from given field names and values
+        static std::string create(const CaseInsensitiveMultimap &fields) noexcept {
+            std::string result;
+
+            bool first = true;
+            for(auto &field : fields) {
+                result += (!first ? "&" : "") + field.first + '=' + Percent::encode(field.second);
+                first = false;
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+
+        /// Returns query keys with percent-decoded values.
+        static CaseInsensitiveMultimap parse(const std::string &query_string) noexcept {
+            CaseInsensitiveMultimap result;
+
+            if(query_string.empty())
+                return result;
+
+            size_t name_pos = 0;
+            auto name_end_pos = std::string::npos;
+            auto value_pos = std::string::npos;
+            for(size_t c = 0; c < query_string.size(); ++c) {
+                if(query_string[c] == '&') {
+                    auto name = query_string.substr(name_pos, (name_end_pos == std::string::npos ? c : name_end_pos) - name_pos);
+                    if(!name.empty()) {
+                        auto value = value_pos == std::string::npos ? std::string() : query_string.substr(value_pos, c - value_pos);
+                        result.emplace(std::move(name), Percent::decode(value));
+                    }
+                    name_pos = c + 1;
+                    name_end_pos = std::string::npos;
+                    value_pos = std::string::npos;
+                }
+                else if(query_string[c] == '=') {
+                    name_end_pos = c;
+                    value_pos = c + 1;
+                }
+            }
+            if(name_pos < query_string.size()) {
+                auto name = query_string.substr(name_pos, name_end_pos - name_pos);
+                if(!name.empty()) {
+                    auto value = value_pos >= query_string.size() ? std::string() : query_string.substr(value_pos);
+                    result.emplace(std::move(name), Percent::decode(value));
+                }
+            }
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    };
+
+    class HttpHeader {
+    public:
+        /// Parse header fields
+        static CaseInsensitiveMultimap parse(std::istream &stream) noexcept {
+            CaseInsensitiveMultimap result;
+            std::string line;
+            getline(stream, line);
+            size_t param_end;
+            while((param_end = line.find(':')) != std::string::npos) {
+                size_t value_start = param_end + 1;
+                if(value_start < line.size()) {
+                    if(line[value_start] == ' ')
+                        value_start++;
+                    if(value_start < line.size())
+                        result.emplace(line.substr(0, param_end), line.substr(value_start, line.size() - value_start - 1));
+                }
+
+                getline(stream, line);
+            }
+            return result;
+        }
+    };
+
+    class RequestMessage {
+    public:
+        /// Parse request line and header fields
+        static bool parse(std::istream &stream, std::string &method, std::string &path, std::string &query_string, std::string &version, CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header) noexcept {
+            header.clear();
+            std::string line;
+            getline(stream, line);
+            size_t method_end;
+            if((method_end = line.find(' ')) != std::string::npos) {
+                method = line.substr(0, method_end);
+
+                size_t query_start = std::string::npos;
+                size_t path_and_query_string_end = std::string::npos;
+                for(size_t i = method_end + 1; i < line.size(); ++i) {
+                    if(line[i] == '?' && (i + 1) < line.size())
+                        query_start = i + 1;
+                    else if(line[i] == ' ') {
+                        path_and_query_string_end = i;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+                if(path_and_query_string_end != std::string::npos) {
+                    if(query_start != std::string::npos) {
+                        path = line.substr(method_end + 1, query_start - method_end - 2);
+                        query_string = line.substr(query_start, path_and_query_string_end - query_start);
+                    }
+                    else
+                        path = line.substr(method_end + 1, path_and_query_string_end - method_end - 1);
+
+                    size_t protocol_end;
+                    if((protocol_end = line.find('/', path_and_query_string_end + 1)) != std::string::npos) {
+                        if(line.compare(path_and_query_string_end + 1, protocol_end - path_and_query_string_end - 1, "HTTP") != 0)
+                            return false;
+                        version = line.substr(protocol_end + 1, line.size() - protocol_end - 2);
+                    }
+                    else
+                        return false;
+
+                    header = HttpHeader::parse(stream);
+                }
+                else
+                    return false;
+            }
+            else
+                return false;
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    class ResponseMessage {
+    public:
+        /// Parse status line and header fields
+        static bool parse(std::istream &stream, std::string &version, std::string &status_code, CaseInsensitiveMultimap &header) noexcept {
+            header.clear();
+            std::string line;
+            getline(stream, line);
+            size_t version_end = line.find(' ');
+            if(version_end != std::string::npos) {
+                if(5 < line.size())
+                    version = line.substr(5, version_end - 5);
+                else
+                    return false;
+                if((version_end + 1) < line.size())
+                    status_code = line.substr(version_end + 1, line.size() - (version_end + 1) - 1);
+                else
+                    return false;
+
+                header = HttpHeader::parse(stream);
+            }
+            else
+                return false;
+            return true;
+        }
+    };
+
+    class ContentDisposition {
+    public:
+        /// Can be used to parse the Content-Disposition header field value when
+        /// clients are posting requests with enctype="multipart/form-data"
+        static CaseInsensitiveMultimap parse(const std::string &line) {
+            CaseInsensitiveMultimap result;
+
+            size_t para_start_pos = 0;
+            size_t para_end_pos = std::string::npos;
+            size_t value_start_pos = std::string::npos;
+            for(size_t c = 0; c < line.size(); ++c) {
+                if(para_start_pos != std::string::npos) {
+                    if(para_end_pos == std::string::npos) {
+                        if(line[c] == ';') {
+                            result.emplace(line.substr(para_start_pos, c - para_start_pos), std::string());
+                            para_start_pos = std::string::npos;
+                        }
+                        else if(line[c] == '=')
+                            para_end_pos = c;
+                    }
+                    else {
+                        if(value_start_pos == std::string::npos) {
+                            if(line[c] == '"' && c + 1 < line.size())
+                                value_start_pos = c + 1;
+                        }
+                        else if(line[c] == '"') {
+                            result.emplace(line.substr(para_start_pos, para_end_pos - para_start_pos), line.substr(value_start_pos, c - value_start_pos));
+                            para_start_pos = std::string::npos;
+                            para_end_pos = std::string::npos;
+                            value_start_pos = std::string::npos;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                else if(line[c] != ' ' && line[c] != ';')
+                    para_start_pos = c;
+            }
+            if(para_start_pos != std::string::npos && para_end_pos == std::string::npos)
+                result.emplace(line.substr(para_start_pos), std::string());
+
+            return result;
+        }
+    };
+} // namespace SimpleWeb
+
+#ifdef __SSE2__
+#include <emmintrin.h>
+namespace SimpleWeb {
+    inline void spin_loop_pause() noexcept { _mm_pause(); }
+} // namespace SimpleWeb
+// TODO: need verification that the following checks are correct:
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1800 && (defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_IX86))
+#include <intrin.h>
+namespace SimpleWeb {
+  inline void spin_loop_pause() noexcept { _mm_pause(); }
+} // namespace SimpleWeb
+#else
+namespace SimpleWeb {
+  inline void spin_loop_pause() noexcept {}
+} // namespace SimpleWeb
+#endif
+
+namespace SimpleWeb {
+    /// Makes it possible to for instance cancel Asio handlers without stopping asio::io_service
+    class ScopeRunner {
+        /// Scope count that is set to -1 if scopes are to be canceled
+        std::atomic<long> count;
+
+    public:
+        class SharedLock {
+            friend class ScopeRunner;
+            std::atomic<long> &count;
+            SharedLock(std::atomic<long> &count) noexcept : count(count) {}
+            SharedLock &operator=(const SharedLock &) = delete;
+            SharedLock(const SharedLock &) = delete;
+
+        public:
+            ~SharedLock() noexcept {
+                count.fetch_sub(1);
+            }
+        };
+
+        ScopeRunner() noexcept : count(0) {}
+
+        /// Returns nullptr if scope should be exited, or a shared lock otherwise
+        std::unique_ptr<SharedLock> continue_lock() noexcept {
+            long expected = count;
+            while(expected >= 0 && !count.compare_exchange_weak(expected, expected + 1))
+                spin_loop_pause();
+
+            if(expected < 0)
+                return nullptr;
+            else
+                return std::unique_ptr<SharedLock>(new SharedLock(count));
+        }
+
+        /// Blocks until all shared locks are released, then prevents future shared locks
+        void stop() noexcept {
+            long expected = 0;
+            while(!count.compare_exchange_weak(expected, -1)) {
+                if(expected < 0)
+                    return;
+                expected = 0;
+                spin_loop_pause();
+            }
+        }
+    };
+} // namespace SimpleWeb